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editor: chen tianmu

in the new semester, campus safety and adolescent mental health have become the focus of attention for parents, educators and society. from the challenges of first-year students adapting to a new environment to the psychological pressure and temptation to engage in bad behavior faced by adolescent students, many questions need to be answered.

special invitation for this issuewang dawei, vice president of the china youth delinquency prevention research association, doctor of education and crime prevention expert; su dechao, a professor at the school of philosophy of wuhan university; fang ling, a popular science lecturer at the chinese psychological association, deeply explores the many factors that affect campus safety, including campus bullying, internet addiction, adolescent bad behaviors, etc., and provides prevention strategies and solutions.

fang ling: campus safety is a top priority. what are the main unsafe factors on campus?

wang dawei: children's safety is greater than heaven. specifically speaking of school safety, for example, accidental injuries on campus. crime cases such as floods, fires, earthquakes and natural disasters, sexual assault and fraud cases, etc. are actually unsafe factors. there is another category that we pay more attention to now.school bullying, school violence, and internet addiction. there are also some aspects of student health, such as psychological problems, and vision problems that parents now pay special attention to.

fang ling: what psychological challenges do children usually face when adapting to a new environment?

su dechao: i am also a parent of children. when i teach in colleges and universities, i will meet many college students, whether they are college students or primary and secondary school students. the most typical ones are anxiety and nervousness. the rhythm of life during holidays is different from the rhythm of school. this rhythm switch will cause children to be nervous and irritable, especially children in elementary school. he may not finish his homework, or he may be afraid that if he does it, he will not do it correctly. restlessness, low mood, and difficulty concentrating. if it is a little more serious, these reactions will become physical, such as dizziness, poor appetite, and severe diarrhea. some children do not have these conditions. they feel bored at home and have no one to play with, so they will be very excited when they go to school.

fang ling: how to prevent various campus accidents from happening?

wang dawei: as for the first-year primary school students, they are not familiar with the school, and if they are not familiar with it, there will be safety risks. first of all, children should be told about potential dangers such as ponds and rockeries in schools, and they must be fully familiar with the environment after arriving at school.

second, know the way to and from school. it used to be a kindergarten, but now it is a primary school. children must know the way to and from school. if the school is a little far away and you take a bus, you need to know what each stop is. there are also some precautions such as not using slides on the handrails of school stairs, handling boiling water to prevent burns, etc. it is better to talk about this matter to the children on the first day of school.

fang ling: what is the psychological state of a child who is tired of studying? some children are afraid of social interaction in new environments and are unwilling to socialize. how should parents deal with this?

su dechao: for children who cannot make a smooth transition to the new semester, parents should not be over-prepared, and do not keep saying in front of them that school has started and you have to go to school. the child is already nervous, so this is like saying to a child with social anxiety that you are about to give a speech to the whole school. look at thousands of us looking at you. does this make him more nervous?

for some children, fear of going to school may be due to interpersonal challenges they may encounter at school. for example, he feels that some teachers don't like him, and some classmates are not dealing with him. in this case, in addition to communicating with the child, parents should also communicate with the teacher, other parents, and the child's classmates in a timely manner to understand the child's psychology. obstacles and specific problems he encountered. many times children avoid and are unwilling to talk. this situation requires parents to distinguish carefully.

nothing is trivial about children. some children don't like to actively socialize. at this time, parents may push their children to communicate with other classmates. in fact, there is no big problem if they don't actively socialize. the important thing is not whether you like to socialize or not, but socializing appropriately - solving problems through necessary social interaction. for example, i need to borrow something from a classmate, and i have to ask the teacher if i don't know a question. this is necessary social interaction. for children who do not like to actively socialize, when they need help, they can ask for it appropriately and solve the problem. once he completes these actions, his goal will be accomplished. at this time, he will have a sense of gain, and social interaction will become easier and easier for him.

parents can also cultivate their children's ability to empathize to stimulate their interest in others and stimulate their desire for social interaction. for example, they can guide their children: why is daddy angry? why did mom suddenly ignore dad? what do you think? let him think. parents should never criticize their children's mental state. don't say that you think other people's children are generous and open-minded. why can't you do the same? don't say this, it will only have negative effects.

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