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introduction

Introduction

china's new energy automobile industry looks forward to more equitable and comprehensive development.

author丨poinko

editor丨li sijia

editor丨he zengrong

the toyota prius, equipped with fifth-generation hybrid technology, recently set a new world record.

at the beginning of this month, wayne gerdes, a senior participant in the hypermiling challenge in the united states, drove a toyota prius equipped with fifth-generation hybrid technology and drove east from the los angeles city hall on the west coast of the united states. a journey across the north american continent and across the entire united states. the total distance of this trip has reached 5168.73km. during this period, this prius drove on plateau roads with an altitude of more than 2,000 meters, and also entered areas with temperatures above 40°c.

picture | wayne gelders and his prius. the number on the driver's door is the maximum mileage per gallon of fuel - it is refreshed at any time throughout the journey and is always decreasing.

the purpose of this journey, as is the nature of hypermiling, is to explore the limits of the lowest fuel consumption of ordinary production cars. wayne and his prius also proved this, because when they arrived at the destination of the journey, the average fuel consumption of the entire journey had been reduced to 94.993 miles per gallon of fuel - equivalent to 39.605km per liter of fuel. this is equivalent to a fuel consumption of 2.52 liters per 100 kilometers.

this result broke the best result in the fuel efficiency (fuel efficiency) item of the guinness world records system, and also made wayne gelders and his prius the new guinness world record creator.

picture | this guinness fuel-saving record is well-deserved, because it not only requires an efficient power system and a well-matched car body, but also requires the driver's superb skills in energy saving.

so, how amazing is this data?

to put it in a more vivid way, according to the current national standard oil price of 92-proof gasoline, which is 7.33 yuan per liter, the fuel cost of wayne's entire journey is only 0.185 yuan per kilometer, which is less than 20 cents.

and this reminds me of a question——

like the prius, a hybrid electric vehicle (hev) is used. compared with its "relative" equipped with a large-capacity battery, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (phev) can drive "green" however, in china, they can only hang blue plates and be classified as "oil trucks".

this is a pity for the "green card" policy that started in 2016 and has been implemented for nearly 8 years. the original intention is to promote energy conservation and emission reduction policies to support the development of the new energy automobile industry.

the historical legacy of the “green card” policy

so far, domestic new energy policies for automobiles have been generally successful.

however, like all large and long-lasting industrial policies, there are still many details that are debatable. a typical example is that in the definition of new energy vehicles, hev is excluded from the circle.

this directly led to the fact that hevs, which were in line with policy recommendations in terms of energy conservation and emission reduction, were lumped into the category of fuel vehicles, and therefore were not eligible for the "green card".

a typical example is the common "oil-to-electricity" plug-in hybrid models at that time. not only did the pure electric range have a lot of water, but the fuel consumption of the system after it was in the feed state was significantly higher than that of fuel vehicles of the same level and displacement.

times have changed. at this stage, both the state and local governments are increasing subsidies for car replacements, trying to accelerate the elimination of old high-energy-consuming cars that were produced before the national iii standards, as well as early new energy vehicles with immature technologies. so, in this critical period of innovation, should we also consider reclassifying hev?

picture | to be fair, for many old city residents who are restricted by conditions and cannot install private piles, choosing hev is relatively the wisest compromise. but unfortunately "directory" does not support

ten years ago, due to the reasons of protecting and supporting independent brands, the policy excluded hev. however, today, as independent brands have emerged in an all-round way, it is highly debatable whether this measure that is not helpful to the "double carbon" national strategy is still necessary.

of course, it should be emphasized here that the value of hev technology to the current chinese automobile market goes far beyond what is listed above. in fact, for a country like china with a complex geographical environment and huge north and south latitudes, it also has the huge advantage of "global use".

true global hybrid technology

"housheng, why are you so cunning? is this 'both wanting, wanting, and wanting'?"

the person who said this was a taxi driver in ulanqab city, inner mongolia. the direct cause of these words was that during a casual chat, the author asked, "according to the temperature conditions here, is there any better way to use natural gas?" a (energy-saving car) option that has enough power, is not as afraid of low temperatures as the 'tram', and can also save money? ”

due to work reasons, i often need to travel to other provinces and cities on business. traveling to guangxi, inner mongolia, and going to heihe at the end of the year and the beginning of the year to test drive on the ice is basically normal. this also gives the author the opportunity to meet driver friends from all over the world and from all walks of life, and witness the different car-using environments in different places.

the local average temperature throughout the year is only 4.3°c. summer only lasts for two months from july to august, and the average temperature does not exceed 20°c. in addition, there are more than 130 days with average temperatures below 0°c throughout the year, and the average number of severe cold days below -20°c ranges from 47 to 75 days. driving a pure electric car in such an area means that the battery life will be discounted by 40% for at least half of the year. it is purely an abstract behavior that will cause trouble for oneself. once the temperature drops to -20~-30℃, it is possible to discount the battery life by 40% or even 30%. as for various plug-in hybrids and extended ranges, they are basically equivalent to a petrol truck carrying more than 200 kilograms of dead weight.

picture | driving a tram in winter on the prairie of inner mongolia is a very abstract behavior, because a battery with a driving range of 450km can, in the most extreme case, reduce the driving range on a full charge to an electric bicycle equipped with a large-capacity battery.

however, the above does not mean that hybrid vehicles will definitely "not work" in such a local environment. in fact, after complaining about the author’s “need, want, and want”, the driver’s next action was to pout at the roadside, “it is not affected by the temperature, has sufficient power and is fuel-efficient – ​​just use the car.” ”

that is a toyota hev model.

for a large country like china with a vast territory and complex terrain, the areas with low temperatures throughout the year are far more than just the ulanqab city mentioned above. in fact, the entire inner mongolia autonomous region, even gansu and ningxia, as well as the three eastern provinces, qinghai-tibet and xinjiang, these border areas in the northeast and north, plus the plateau mountains in the west, and even the heihe and mohe areas, known as the "cold pole" in the country, are also these are all vast areas where hev can demonstrate its strengths.

at this stage, the development momentum of domestic new energy vehicles is very impressive. but as mentioned earlier, the technical limitations of lithium-ion power batteries have led to many restricted areas for their use in china, a huge country that spans subtropical, temperate and cold zones.

if you want to comprehensively develop the new energy vehicle industry, you cannot just focus on the eastern coastal areas of the south. existing policies should be relaxed as soon as possible for hevs, because they are the perfect complement to current new energy models including pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids. the detour we took ten years ago should not continue today.

towards “technological equality”

when it comes to this, i believe that i must have been unable to restrain myself from pointing out the problem - the previous article focused on the shortcomings of pure electric and plug-in hybrid new energy vehicles with the shortcomings of power batteries, but in fact hev is also equipped with power battery modules.

yes, after all, the kinetic energy recovered by the vehicle when going downhill and braking is converted into electrical energy, which requires energy storage media for temporary storage. here we have to mention toyota hybrid, which is different from the new generation of plug-in hybrid vehicles with increasingly larger batteries, which are usually equipped with only a small-capacity battery pack. the temporarily stored electrical energy will only be used for vehicle acceleration and auxiliary power output during driving.

in addition, the previous generation of toyota hybrids used nickel-chromium and nickel-metal hydride battery packs with better low-temperature performance. although the latest generation uses a ternary lithium battery pack, its capacity is only 3kwh.

this means that even if the battery decays, the replacement cost is acceptable. there will definitely not be a scary scene like replacing the battery for 200,000 yuan, which is equivalent to 60% of the car price. in addition, at extremely low temperatures, even if the battery capacity is only 30%, the result is that the temporary power stored in the system will at best weaken significantly, which does not actually hinder the normal use of the vehicle. and these are the obvious advantages of toyota hybrid.

in fact, as the domestic new energy competition enters the midfield stage, the market and consumer groups, which have gradually calmed down from the pure electric craze two years ago, have re-aware of the diversity of new energy technology paths. the plug-in hybrid model can become the new favorite of the market, which also means that all parties have realized the basic fact that fuel engines will continue to exist for a long time in the future. similarly, the various advantages of hev are also being re-recognized by the market, consumers, and even domestic authorities.

not long ago, good news came out of guangzhou.

at the end of may this year, the guangzhou municipal government issued the "notice of the general office of the guangzhou municipal people's government on issuing the guangzhou municipal passenger vehicle indicator control and management measures", which clarified that "energy-saving vehicles" can be directly listed in guangdong a without going through a lottery. blue label’s new policy.

picture | guangzhou’s new license plate policy: a new “energy-saving license plate”, which looks the same as an ordinary blue plate, but will be purchased locally

when being included in the car models listed in the "indicator catalog", there is a 100% probability of being included. according to relevant regulations, hev is included in the category of "energy-saving vehicles" as defined in the "notice". this is obviously a big improvement. however, i still have to say something here - the action is too slow and too few measures have been introduced. our top priority is to achieve "technological equality" as soon as possible.

what is “technological equality”? that is to give hev and new energy more equal policy support.

in september last year, seven departments including the ministry of industry and information technology jointly released the "work plan for stable growth of the automotive industry (2023-2024)." its significance is to encourage enterprises to be green and low-carbon oriented and actively explore technical routes such as hybrid power and low-carbon fuels.

there is no doubt that the era in which new energy technologies for automobiles were based on pure electric lines is coming to an end. after the initial breakthrough, the era is coming when a hundred flowers bloom. it is clearly pointed out that after experiencing a period of rapid growth since 2018, my country's automobile industry has reached a stage of active adjustment.

the hybrid power and low-carbon fuels mentioned in the above-mentioned "plan" are undoubtedly what toyota motor, which has contributed hev to the chinese automobile industry and the entire world, is good at. since the debut of the first-generation prius model in 1997, toyota's hybrid technology has gone through 27 years of development and has now been updated to the fifth-generation intelligent electric hybrid engine.

and we don’t have to doubt toyota’s strength in this regard, because so far toyota hev models have been sold in more than 90 countries and regions around the world, with a total of more than 27 million units sold. users around the world have "endorsed" toyota with practical actions.

figure | more than ten years of hard work have enabled china’s new energy industry, including new energy vehicles, to become a world leader. now, for more long-term development, it is time to develop multi-technical routes and re-solidify the foundation.

in this new era, the top priority is to consolidate the foundation of china's new energy automobile industry and ensure "stable growth" in the longer term. the adjustment and correction of outdated parts of past policies are obviously the top priority.

the most important policy adjustment at this stage is to provide the same policy support for hybrid and new energy. only in this way can my country's new energy vehicle industry be promoted smoothly to the next stage of development.