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during the soviet union's great patriotic war, the il-2 attack aircraft was always active on the front line of attacking the german army, providing timely air support to the soviet infantry and was hailed as "an aircraft as indispensable as bread."

at the end of the war, the successor of the il-2, the il-10, began to be put into use. the il-10 made its first flight on april 18, 1944 and went into production in august. its appearance was similar to that of the il-2 and it retained most of the advantages of the il-2.

▲the il-10 caught the last train of world war ii, but its role was not significant.

the il-10 has perfect armor protection, changed to a full metal structure, replaced with an am-42 engine with a maximum power of 2,000 horsepower, increased speed to 551 km/h, and equipped with two 7.62mm machine guns and two 23mm cannons. the basic parameters of the aircraft are as follows:

the aircraft is 11.1 meters long, 13.4 meters wide, 4.1 meters high, has a maximum take-off weight of 6.3 tons, a range of 800 kilometers, a practical ceiling of 7,200 meters, and can carry two 250-kilogram bombs under the wings and a 400-kilogram bomb in the bomb bay.

although the performance of the il-10 was better than that of the il-2, world war ii was drawing to a close and it was difficult for it to achieve anything on the battlefield. however, a few years later, the korean war broke out and china was in urgent need of a large number of fighters and bombers, and the il-10 was put to good use.

▲the il-10 in the china aviation museum, the first attack aircraft equipped by our army.

in 1950, the chinese government began to introduce the il-10, which was initially named "attack aircraft". on october 13, 1950, the soviet air force, which was assisting in the defense of shanghai, handed over 25 il-10s to the chinese air force, which were equipped with the 13th assault regiment. by 1952, my country had imported 274 il-10 attack aircraft.

at the same time, in order to enable our military pilots to master the il-10 as quickly as possible, my country also imported 9 uil-10s (training versions) from 1950 to 1951. a batch of il-10s imported in 1952 also included a small number of uil-10s.

the uil-10 changed the rear machine gunner's seat into an instructor's seat, eliminated the rear machine gun, and added a parallel operating system. our army code-named it "machine no. 9."

▲the il-10 training version, uil-10, has the rear seat converted into an instructor's seat.

after the il-10 was equipped with our army, it quickly formed combat effectiveness. on october 1, 1951, 36 il-10s appeared in the national day military parade. in 1954, the 31st regiment of the 11th air force division and the 1st squadron of the 33rd regiment, equipped with il-10, moved to ningbo lishe airport and participated in the battle to liberate the islands off the coast of eastern zhejiang.

on november 1, 1954, wang yufeng, deputy commander of the 11th air division, led four il-10s to attack the enemy's anti-aircraft artillery positions on dachen island. 90% of the bombs hit the target.

from that day on, the il-10 troops launched attacks on the kuomintang ground targets on dachen island and yijiangshan island. the main task was to suppress the ground air defense firepower and clear the obstacles for the horizontal bombing of the tu-2. the second was to attack the ground firepower points and support the infantry landing operations.

▲the il-10 crew of our army preparing to launch an air strike on dachen island is from the 11th air division.

on january 10, 1955, our army dispatched 130 aircraft to attack the kuomintang naval vessels. the il-10 bombed the ship targets anchored near dachen island and destroyed the "zhongquan" tank landing ship.

in addition, pilot liu jianhan also severely damaged the repair ship "hengshan" and damaged a total of three kuomintang warships, effectively striking a blow to the arrogance of the enemy navy.

on january 18, 1955, the landing operation on yijiangshan island began. this was the first joint operation of the three services of our army. in two days, the il-10, as the vanguard of the attack, eliminated a large number of ground fire points.

every time the il-10 dived to attack, the kuomintang troops immediately hid and dared not show their heads, and our infantry began to charge. even if the il-10 ran out of ammunition, it continued to dive to confuse the enemy.

▲on january 18, 1955, our army's il-10 unit participated in the joint operation on yijiangshan island, providing great support for the infantry landing operation.

due to the lack of attack aircraft in our army and the positive feedback from the troops, the outdated il-10 continued to serve in the army after the yijiangshan island battle.

however, with the lack of spare parts and the suspension of engine production, the maintenance of the il-10 became increasingly difficult. our army once tried to copy the am-42 engine, but there were no more than 300 il-10s in total. even if the copying was successful, the production quantity would not be too large, and the il-10 was already outdated, so there was no need to improve it.

despite this, our army still selected a very small number of il-10s for engine replacement tests. one il-10 was replaced with my country's piston-8 air-cooled engine, with a 4-blade variable pitch propeller, and could simultaneously install four 57mm rocket launchers.

however, this changed the original aerodynamic layout of the aircraft, generated greater drag, and the flight performance may have been poor, so only one modification test was carried out.

▲the il-10 was equipped with an air-cooled engine, but the test flight results were not good.

another option is to replace the turboprop engine with a higher-power one. the modified aircraft can retain the ability to carry two bombs on the inner wing section, and can carry 4 to 6 rocket launchers on the outer section of the wing, or optionally carry two auxiliary fuel tanks.

while the bomb load has been greatly increased, the modified version of the il-10 has also retained its sturdy body, high shooting accuracy and good low-altitude and low-speed capabilities, which the air force is very satisfied with.

however, only two turboprop versions of the il-10 were modified, one of which crashed during a test flight and the other burned in a fire during routine maintenance in 1978. neither survived.

by the end of the 1960s, the life of the il-10's fuselage and engine had reached the limit, and its successor, the q-5, was gradually put into service, and the il-10 was gradually withdrawn from service.

▲the il-10 equipped with a turboprop engine. note the two bombs on the belly. the outer section of the wing can carry a rocket launcher and two auxiliary fuel tanks.

in july 1972, the air force reported to the general staff, suggesting that the 128 existing il-10 and uil-10 aircraft be sealed in oil or scrapped. the il-10, which had flown over china for nearly 20 years, finally came to an end.