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it has been a week since the fujian ship started its fourth sea trial. so what subjects has the fujian ship completed in its sea trials so far?overseas commercial satellites have been following the filming, and it is said that the current carrier-based aircraft test is about to begin. on the morning of september 6, the fujian aircraft carrier conducted a small radius (about 2.6 kilometers) rotation and high-speed navigation test about 70 kilometers east of dalian. the carrier-based aircraft model was still properly moored on the deck of the aircraft carrier after the test, and the power and mechanical systems were normal. these tests are actually still continuing the advanced tests based on the second and third "far sea trials", but the biggest challenge is the subsequent carrier-based aircraft catapult takeoff. let's take a look at the progress of the current fujian ship's fourth sea trial and the challenges of the carrier-based aircraft catapult test.

the fourth sea trial of the fujian ship has begun, and everyone is focusing on the catapult takeoff of carrier-based aircraft

1. the fourth sea trial of the fujian aircraft carrier focused on the catapult launch of carrier-based aircraft. the sea trial has reached its climax.

after the third "sea trial", on july 28, the fujian aircraft carrier returned to the yangtze river inland shipyard wharf. in the next 37 days, the fujian aircraft carrier began to prepare for the fourth sea trial. in early september, the shanghai maritime safety administration announced that a large ship would pass through the yangtze river estuary on september 3, and traffic control would be implemented in the waters. friends who have been paying attention to the sea trial of the fujian aircraft carrier for a long time understood after seeing this news: the fujian aircraft carrier is going out to sea for the fourth sea trial. at 16:57 on september 3, the fujian aircraft carrier was escorted out of the yangtze river estuary by the tugboat "changxing 1". some netizens said that when the fujian aircraft carrier left the yangtze river estuary, it only carried two carrier-based aircraft on the deck, full-size models of the catapult-type j-15 and kj-600, which were parked in a folded manner, and there were also supporting support vehicles next to them.

regarding this fourth sea trial, the outside world generally believed that according to the routine testing process of an aircraft carrier, the focus would be on the take-off and landing of carrier-based aircraft, especially the electromagnetic catapult system, which poses the greatest technical challenges. this will be the "highlight" of the aircraft carrier sea trial, namely the take-off and landing of carrier-based aircraft on the aircraft carrier deck.

in fact, during the third sea trial, the fujian ship was already preparing for the deck takeoff and landing of carrier-based aircraft. taiwan military expert lu wenhao combined information captured by overseas commercial satellites to determine that during this sea trial, carrier-based aircraft accompanied the aircraft carrier, simulated the landing of the aircraft carrier and took off from the ground.

after the fujian aircraft carrier returned to the yangtze river shipyard on july 28, the aircraft carrier carried out material, oil and water replenishment, arranged the aircraft carrier deck, and carried out relevant maintenance operations on the equipment. next, the fujian aircraft carrier will prepare for the fourth sea trial.

it is said that in august, one catapult-type j-15, one j-35, one jl-10j, and two kj-600 early warning aircraft were all placed on the deck of the aircraft carrier. on august 29, three catapult flame shields on the deck of the fujian aircraft carrier were raised, and combat ships (possibly type 052d) and logistics support ships were spotted near the bow and stern of the aircraft carrier. all signs indicate that the fourth sea trial of the fujian aircraft carrier will be a long-sea test mainly focusing on "carrier-based aircraft take-off and landing."

this time, the j-35 will be tested on board a ship for catapult takeoff. this is a carrier-based aircraft that competes with the us f-35c.

regarding the first appearance of the four different types of carrier-based aircraft on the fujian ship, retired lieutenant general zhang yanting of the taiwan air force made a more in-depth analysis in a local program: this is to make safer preparations for the catapult take-off and landing of the fujian aircraft carrier in the near future. he explained that the various carrier-based aircraft models on the fujian ship, whether j-15, j-35, or kj-600, will not do catapult take-off first, and generally will do static tests on the deck first, which is a very safe step. if you do a dynamic test directly, the risk is higher. if you fail once by mistake, you will lose a valuable carrier-based aircraft. therefore, you must do a static test first to maximize the reliability test.

zhang yanting also emphasized that the pilots of carrier-based aircraft are expected to enter the carrier-based aircraft during this process, and the pilot who flies the first carrier-based aircraft has the most important role. after he is familiar with the static operation of the deck, he may have to make a teaching plan and then pass it on to other pilots. zhang yanting finally asserted that the carrier-based aircraft test of the fujian aircraft carrier is hierarchical. the carrier-based aircraft parked on the aircraft carrier deck is not for viewing, but is actually part of the carrier-based aircraft deck catapult. although it is only in the static insurance test stage now, it will be directly launched during the next sea trial.

lin yingyou, assistant professor at the institute of international affairs and strategy at tamkang university in taiwan, pointed out in an interview with singapore's lianhe zaobao that four full-size models of carrier-based aircraft had been seen on the deck of the fujian ship before, and their positions have actually been constantly adjusted. this may be testing the movement lines of carrier-based aircraft on the aircraft carrier deck. lin yingyou emphasized: the aircraft carrier deck is a relatively small and dangerous operating space. the take-off and landing of fixed-wing carrier-based aircraft cannot be completed in one sea trial. this time, the simultaneous appearance of four carrier-based aircraft on the aircraft carrier deck may also be a simulation of the order of catapult take-off tests. it is expected that mature models such as the j-15 and j-10 will be tested for take-off and landing first, followed by the j-35, and finally the heaviest kj-600.

the outside world is paying close attention to the fourth sea trial of the fujian aircraft carrier. it can even be said that it is full of expectations. compared with the shandong ship, which took 1 year and 7 months from its first sea trial to its official service, the fujian ship's technology is more advanced and complex, and its sea trial is expected to take longer. whether this sea trial can be successfully completed, the performance of the electromagnetic catapult system will become a key indicator. the most important point is whether the system can support the frequent take-off and landing of carrier-based aircraft, which will have a significant impact on the actual combat capability of the fujian ship, and may even affect the future chinese navy's aircraft carrier strategy. in addition, the launch and landing of carrier-based aircraft on the fujian ship also involves whether the electromagnetic catapult technology is mature. as we all know, although the uss ford is the world's first aircraft carrier equipped with electromagnetic catapult technology, it has encountered many problems during the sea trial, so that it has been unable to serve for a long time, which has made the outside world question whether the electromagnetic catapult has matured. this electromagnetic catapult test of the fujian ship will become the best window for the outside world to pay attention to this issue.

however, singapore's lianhe zaobao believes that although both the fujian and ford are electromagnetic catapult aircraft carriers, their power supply principles are slightly different, one is direct current and the other is alternating current. in addition, the fujian has learned from the failure of the electromagnetic catapult of the uss ford and has conducted a large number of tests on the ground. theoretically, the probability of success is very high. however, the high temperature, high salt and high humidity in the marine environment may affect the stable operation of the system, which still needs to be verified in actual tests.

now everyone wants to take this opportunity to see whether the electromagnetic catapult technology of aircraft carriers is mature.

experts on the island of taiwan also believe that the fujian ship adopts a flat deck design, rather than the ski-jump deck used by the liaoning and shandong ships. this means that its smoke exhaust system may have an impact on the takeoff and landing of carrier-based aircraft. this issue also needs to be further observed during testing.

(ii) the fujian aircraft carrier faces great challenges in taking off and landing, and is currently going through a major test

it has been a week since the fujian went out to sea for its fourth sea trial. so what has the fujian experienced in the past few days? lu wenhao, a local military expert, wrote an article on taiwan's "exclusive report" website, detailing the experience of the fujian aircraft carrier in the past few days.

it is worth noting that the sea trial area for the fujian ship this time is the same as the second and third times, both of which are in the yellow sea and bohai sea. this is mainly for safety reasons, because in this area, us reconnaissance aircraft cannot enter at all. in this context, the united states can only use satellite reconnaissance.

according to lu wenhao, the fujian aircraft carrier was immediately "followed" by western satellites as soon as it went out to sea, and it was discovered that there were two naval ships escorting it. according to the satellite image ratio analysis, the average length of the two combat ships is over 130 meters. it is inferred that they are a type 052d destroyer and a type 054a frigate. the two warships escorted one after the other to guard against close reconnaissance by foreign ships and aircraft.

during the second and third sea trials, the fujian aircraft carrier basically sailed north to the yellow sea and bohai sea alone. this time, there were actually two warships escorting it from the front and back. this may mean that the fujian aircraft carrier is forming a prototype of a formation. this small aircraft carrier formation can perform long-range air defense and sea control, as well as short-range and medium-range anti-submarine operations.

at 9:15 am on september 4, the fujian aircraft carrier arrived in the northern yellow sea, more than 200 kilometers east of qingdao, shandong, but it did not stop moving forward and continued to move northward, reaching the sea trial area east of dalian on the afternoon of september 4. it is said that during this process, the fujian aircraft carrier sailed at a speed of 18.5 knots, and did not sail at high speed during the second sea trial.

the electromagnetic catapult test of the uss ford had gone through a lot of torture before, so what will happen to the fujian aircraft carrier this time?

it is worth noting that at 14:08 on september 6, the huludao maritime safety administration announced that a military exercise would be conducted from 12:00 on september 8 to 12:00 on september 25 at a line connecting four points southeast of qinhuangdao covering an area of ​​2,932 square kilometers. the second phase of the third sea trial of the fujian ship from july 14 to 19 had a similar sea area to this one.

in addition, the "pla navy carrier-based aircraft comprehensive test and training base" in xingcheng, liaoning province dispatched j-15, kj-600 and other carrier-based aircraft to conduct "shore-to-ship" carrier-based aircraft escort flights with aircraft carriers, simulated carrier-based aircraft take-offs and landings, and conducted fleet air defense and sea control exercises and the integration of data links and weapons and other systems with aircraft carrier escort formations composed of some warships. "military tasks."

before the fujian aircraft carrier went north, there were suspected carrier-based aircraft activities in the bohai sea, indicating the scope of the no-fly zone, the frequent no-fly zone notifications in the bohai sea recently, and the stable sea conditions in the bohai sea compared to the open sea. therefore, lu wenhao came to a conclusion: the fujian aircraft carrier will conduct the first "military exercise" of carrier-based aircraft landing and electromagnetic catapult simulation and testing during this period, which is higher than "military mission" and "military activity". at that time, various types of helicopters and naval and air forces will carry out logistics and rescue support tasks in the sea and air around the fujian aircraft carrier.

finally, while the fujian aircraft carrier is moving from the northern yellow sea to the bohai sea and southeast of qinhuangdao, relevant carrier-based aircraft may take off from the xingcheng naval aviation base at the same time, fly to the designated "no-fly zone" one after another to meet with the fujian ship in the relevant waters, and test ship-seeking communications, low-altitude passes and touch-and-go rounds. the fujian aircraft carrier's "automated assisted landing", "electromagnetic arresting" system, "electromagnetic catapult device" and supporting carrier-based aircraft will also be tested one after another.

during this period, the fujian ship's onboard air defense and anti-ship weapons and electronic warfare equipment may also undergo relevant tests to shorten the sea trial time.

in addition, on this basis, the fujian ship will also conduct a systematic assessment of the carrier-based aircraft and the shipboard training departments that are preparing to land, and after repeatedly confirming that there are no technical loopholes and operational process deviations, the landing will be carried out at an appropriate time. however, before implementing a real aircraft carrier landing, the relevant carrier-based aircraft must conduct countless land-based simulated landing subject drills and tests, which must be simulated and completed in advance before this sea trial.

in fact, the biggest challenge for the fujian aircraft carrier catapult test is not the j-35, but the kj-600

(iii) the fujian aircraft carrier will verify four key technologies in bohai sea

under the influence of wind, waves and other factors, ships sailing at sea will produce six degrees of freedom. the deck of an aircraft carrier may experience linear motion of three coordinate axes: sway, heave and sink, and three rotational motions: roll, pitch and yaw. therefore, it is not easy for ordinary pilots to land a carrier-based aircraft on a moving aircraft carrier at sea.

therefore, during this "sea trial", the "fujian" aircraft carrier will verify and master the following four key technical verifications in the bohai sea.

first, the "high sink rate" landing test. during the high-speed landing process of the carrier-based aircraft, in order to ensure that it can immediately touch the ship and take off after the padlock fails. therefore, the carrier-based aircraft can still accelerate and maintain a high flight speed during landing. at this time, the landing process of the carrier-based aircraft is like "smashing into the deck", and if the sinking rate during the descent is too high, it may cause the carrier-based aircraft body and the pilot himself to bear excessive overload, thereby affecting flight safety. therefore, before the sea landing test, it is necessary to clearly understand the status of the carrier-based aircraft under the high sinking rate test, correct the flight attitude in time, and control the process.

the test and control records of these flight attitudes include "standard pitch", "nose up" and "nose down". these carrier-based aircraft include the j-35, j-15d and kj-600 carrier-based aircraft, and may have already completed relevant land simulation tests.

second, the "roll and yaw" test. since the aircraft carrier and the carrier-based aircraft are in motion, the slope and heading of the carrier-based aircraft need to be constantly adjusted and corrected, and its flight parameters are always in a high-gain state.

at this time, the landing commander will continuously give task instructions on the attitude and status of the landing aircraft, and the carrier-based aircraft pilot needs to correct the attitude and heading of the carrier-based aircraft during the descent based on the corresponding feedback information.

third, the "roll test" simulates the situation where the pilot of the carrier-based aircraft is slow to correct the centerline of the aircraft carrier landing, or the lateral swaying movement of the fujian ship under the influence of high sea conditions. carrier-based aircraft will encounter various attitude instability problems when landing.

catapult take-off and landing of carrier-based aircraft is not easy, and the sea trial of the fujian ship has entered a critical stage

in fact, during the landing process, the aircraft flies at a very high speed, and the time available for reaction is very short. if you are not careful, there is a danger of aircraft destruction and loss of life. therefore, the relevant test subjects are mainly to simulate in advance the various unstable postures of the aircraft during the landing process, as well as the failure of the padlock due to deviation.

fourth, the "maximum engagement speed" test and the "air hooking" test. the former tests whether the carrier-based aircraft can hook the arresting cable when landing, and the latter tests whether the tail hook can successfully hook the cable when the front landing gear touches the ship, and whether the aircraft can stop.

after completing the carrier-based aircraft land simulation and sea landing subjects, the fujian ship then conducted electromagnetic catapult launch tests of various types of carrier-based aircraft. this "military exercise" of the carrier-based aircraft's first take-off and landing will become a subsequent repeated take-off and landing training activity to test the familiarity of pilots of various types of test carrier-based aircraft, and include the experience in the aircraft carrier's teaching materials to cultivate more carrier-based aircraft pilots in the future.

in short, the carrier-based aircraft on the fujian aircraft carrier will conduct difficult and high-risk subjects such as "electromagnetic catapult" and landing for the first time. they must fully complete preliminary preparations and multiple, multi-stage repeated tests. it is expected that this sea trial will take a very long time.