Solving structural employment contradictions, Guangdong's "industry-education-assessment" skills ecological chain paves the way for young people | Anchoring modernization reform and deepening
2024-08-07
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In the hot summer of August, the sun is scorching, and the graduates who have just stepped out of the campus are pouring into the "hot" job market. The "Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Further Deepening Reform and Promoting China's Modernization" reviewed and approved by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee proposed to improve the employment priority policy, improve the mechanism for promoting high-quality and full employment, improve the employment public service system, and focus on solving structural employment contradictions.
On one hand, there is work but no one is doing it, and on the other hand, there are people but no work. These two seemingly contradictory pictures are a direct reflection of the structural employment contradiction. In Guangdong, the first local regulation on the development of skilled talents in China, the Guangdong Provincial Regulations on the Development of Skilled Talents, was officially implemented. "Industry-education integration" is the key word, and it is also a key move for Guangdong to promote employment.
In order to open up the "last mile" for young people to enter emerging industries, Guangdong has innovated the training model for skilled talents and promoted a new form of apprenticeship employment of "job + training" to help young people master new technologies and skills and solve the structural contradiction of "industry lacks young people and young people lack employment".
From "factory" to "intelligent manufacturing"Demand increases, manufacturing industry enters a new turning point
"This is a complete SMT production line, the full name of which is Surface Mounted Technology. It can complete a series of tasks such as circuit board printing, patching, dispensing and automated PCBA testing, and complete the integration of the motherboard and other components. After more than 130 tests, a mobile phone will roll off this production line and flow into the market." At vivo's Dongguan headquarters, a production line staff introduced.
The entire SMT production line is no longer than 80 meters, and only a few workers are needed to complete the production of mobile phones. The on-site person in charge said that this is the result of the latest technological iteration. The "predecessor" production line downstairs required more than a dozen workers.
At present, the world has started a battle for advanced manufacturing. Under the loud horn of the manufacturing industry, Guangdong's manufacturing industry is transforming from "manufacturing" to "intelligence", and the spring breeze of "industry + technology" is surging in Guangdong's traditional manufacturing workshops.
In the process of transformation of Guangdong's manufacturing industry, new requirements for skills are being put forward for positions. "As the demand for industrial development increases, the gap in skilled talents will continue to exist. There are also multiple challenges such as a low proportion of skilled talents in the manufacturing industry, structural shortages, and weak willingness of young people to choose jobs." A relevant person in charge of Shenzhen TEDA Robotics Co., Ltd. said frankly that it is difficult to recruit industrial technical talents.
"In particular, industrial transformation and upgrading and the widespread application of automation and intelligent equipment have made it increasingly difficult for older workers to adapt to new positions. Correspondingly, since the talent training of traditional colleges and universities cannot fully adapt to the needs of the development of emerging industries, it is generally difficult to recruit new skilled talents who can meet the job requirements. Many young people may not be willing to work in the manufacturing sector, but prefer some service sectors with more flexible work and relatively less work intensity, which objectively aggravates the tension in employment in the manufacturing sector." Many companies said.
Enterprises participate in teaching in advanceInnovate a new model of "production, education and evaluation" skills training
The skills taught in schools are not used by enterprises; the skills needed by enterprises are not taught in schools. How to solve the structural contradiction of "industry lacks young people, young people lack employment" and solve the problem of disconnection between industry and education?
Guangdong has given the answer with actions. Not long ago, leading manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong welcomed new apprentices one after another. Unlike in the past, these new apprentices will adopt the "job + training" teaching model, and the training content includes general professional quality courses, professional basic courses, operational skills courses, etc. After passing the apprenticeship assessment, the students will be employed in the training enterprises.
This is exactly the "job + training" apprenticeship plan of Guangdong's "industry-education-evaluation" skill ecological chain. Different from the past, the student apprenticeship training class is first provided by the enterprise, and the school and the enterprise train the students together, which is very targeted. Yang Zhen, deputy dean of Foshan Technician College, introduced that students can enter the practical environment of the enterprise in advance, understand the enterprise's culture, management and other processes, and learn practical skills.
"We combine the needs of the company's positions and have the company's technical staff participate in the training and textbook writing. The company participates in the teaching of industrial talents in advance." Mao Weidong, Party Secretary of Zhonghai Wantai Technology Co., Ltd., said that during the training, the company provides production materials, tools, equipment, etc. for students to carry out practical operations in the company. The school teachers teach students according to the textbooks set by the company. "Student apprentices can go directly to work after passing the assessment, which greatly shortens the time for job adaptation." He said.
Industrial talents rush to both sidesOpen up the "last mile" of employment
"At present, we have carried out the first batch of 'industry-education-evaluation' skill ecological chain selection, which has received active support from enterprises and colleges. 63 skill ecological chains have been generated, attracting more than 3,000 ecological enterprises and 432 colleges to participate." Du Minqi, Secretary of the Party Committee and Director of the Guangdong Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security, introduced.
As the leader of the new energy industry in Guangdong Province's "industry-education-evaluation" skill ecosystem, Xinwanda Electronics Co., Ltd. has taken the lead in 84 ecological enterprises, released more than 1,500 apprenticeship positions, and focused on cultivating high-skilled talents in new energy batteries, intelligent manufacturing and other fields.
"The 'industry-education-evaluation' skill ecological chain has reduced the cost of attracting talent for enterprises, opened up the talent chain of Guangdong's new energy and other industrial chains, solved the problem of 'enterprises lack young people and young people lack jobs', and achieved a two-way flow of industry and talent." said Liu Yanyu, deputy director of Xinwanda Training Center.
According to the plan, 63 leading enterprises and ecological enterprises in the "industry-education-evaluation" skill ecological chain will set aside 50,500 technical skills apprenticeship positions to carry out student apprenticeship training for graduating students from universities, vocational schools and technical schools; and set aside 52,500 technical training student positions to carry out multi-position and multi-skill training for "technical training students" for current and past graduates.
Text｜Reporter Zhou Cong
