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Traditional weather forecasting and climate simulation are being disrupted by AI. NeuralGCM, an artificial intelligence (AI) model developed by the Google Research team and its collaborators, has taken weather forecasting and climate simulation to a new level.

The related research paper, titled "Neural general circulation models for weather and climate," was published in the authoritative scientific journal Nature on Monday.

The Google team said that NeuralGCM's accuracy for 1-15 day forecasts is comparable to that of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). For 10-day forecasts, NeuralGCM performs on par with other existing AI models. After adding sea surface temperature, NeuralGCM's 40-year climate forecast results are consistent with the global warming trend found in ECMWF data.

NeuralGCM not only reaches or even exceeds the existing traditional numerical weather prediction models and other machine learning (ML) models in terms of accuracy; in terms of speed, it can generate 22.8 days of atmospheric simulation in 30 seconds of computing time; and it can save orders of magnitude of computing power compared to traditional models.