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not long ago, the national standard "new energy vehicle operation safety performance inspection regulations" (gb/t 44500-2024) (hereinafter referred to as: new regulations) was officially released and will be implemented on march 1, 2025. it is worth noting that the new regulations apply not only to pure electric vehicles, but also to plug-in hybrid (including range-extended) vehicles. at this point, the country's first safety inspection standard specifically for new energy vehicles has been officially implemented, marking that my country's new energy vehicle annual inspection system has entered a new stage of high standards and specialization.

battery safety has attracted attention, and new annual inspection regulations for new energy vehicles are the general trend

regarding the annual inspection system for new energy vehicles, relevant departments began planning as early as two years ago. in july 2022, the office of the state council safety committee issued the "14th five-year plan national road traffic safety plan", which clarified the development of a series of equipment suitable for the operation safety inspection of new energy vehicles and formulated technical standards for the operation safety inspection of new energy vehicles. , to achieve the requirements of new energy vehicle operation safety inspection and supervision system demonstration application.

entering 2024, domestic new energy vehicle sales have been rising. according to the latest statistics from the automobile dealers association, new energy vehicle retail sales increased by 43.2% year-on-year in august, and the penetration rate of new energy vehicles reached 53.9%, exceeding 50% for two consecutive months. another set of data shows that as of the end of june, the number of new energy vehicles nationwide had reached 24.72 million, accounting for 7.18% of the total number of vehicles, of which pure electric vehicles accounted for 73.35%, with the number reaching 18.134 million.

against the background of the vigorous development of the new energy automobile industry, a series of safety hazards have also been exposed. for example, the frequent occurrence of accidents such as fires and spontaneous combustion in new energy vehicles is closely related to the safety performance of key components such as power batteries. according to data from chezhi.com, the main faults of domestic new energy vehicles in the past five years have been concentrated in "power battery failure" and "charging failure", and the number of complaints has been increasing year by year. in 2023, the number of complaints about these two types of fault problems will exceed thousands of cases have become the primary factor affecting the safety of new energy vehicles.

according to the current vehicle annual inspection standard "motor vehicle safety technical inspection items and methods" (gb 38900-2020), for the annual inspection of passenger vehicles including new energy vehicles, the main inspection contents include vehicle appearance, safety devices, chassis and manufacturing moving parts. for traditional fuel vehicles, it can be more accurately judged whether they can drive on the road safely, but the three-electric system at the core of new energy vehicles has not been effectively checked. therefore, it is imperative to launch safety testing standards specific to new energy vehicles.

batteries and electrical systems are required inspection items, and potential safety hazards should be investigated from the source.

considering that the safety performance of power batteries accounts for a high proportion of all key components of new energy vehicles, the new regulations list power battery safety charging testing and electrical safety testing as required inspection items. for other types of passenger vehicles other than small and micro passenger vehicles, the power battery safety discharge test has also been added as a required inspection item. in addition, power battery capacity retention rate testing, drive motor safety testing and electronic control system safety testing are all optional items.

specifically, the new regulations list power battery safety testing as a required inspection item, covering multiple aspects such as charging safety, discharge safety, and thermal runaway protection. this helps to promptly detect and eliminate battery safety hazards and prevent fires, explosions and other accidents caused by battery failure. the new regulations clearly require that the maximum charging and discharging temperatures of lithium iron phosphate batteries and ternary lithium batteries shall not exceed 65°c and 60°c respectively. this temperature limit is in line with the reasonable operating temperature range of power batteries and is well below the "thermal runaway" of the battery system. critical temperature.

the regulations also put forward clear requirements for electrical safety testing, including dc and ac charging socket insulation resistance measurements, potential equalization measurements, etc. these tests help ensure the stable operation of the vehicle's electrical system and prevent safety issues such as vehicle loss of control due to electrical faults.

in addition, the new regulations also set an upper limit on the operating temperature of the drive motor to prevent malfunctions or accidents caused by motor overheating. among them, the temperature of the new energy vehicle drive motor must not exceed 175°c, and the temperature of the motor controller and dc/dc converter must not exceed 95°c.

safety standards upgrade and new regulations promote sustainable development of new energy vehicle industry

cui dongshu, secretary-general of the passenger car association, said that domestic sales of new energy vehicles have surpassed fuel vehicles and have become the main models purchased by consumers. the introduction of new energy vehicle testing standards is positive feedback to the market and consumers. angel investor and senior artificial intelligence expert guo tao said that policies related to annual inspections of new energy vehicles are very necessary and timely. by formulating special annual inspection standards and processes, the safety and compliance of vehicles during use can be ensured. at the same time, this policy will also promote the healthy and orderly development of the new energy vehicle industry and enhance the safety standards and competitiveness of the overall industry.

the new regulations clarify the testing requirements for new energy vehicles in terms of power batteries, electrical safety, drive motors and electronic control systems, prompting companies to improve product quality and reduce safety hazards caused by technical defects. in order to meet the requirements of the regulations, companies also need to increase investment in research and development and carry out technological innovation and upgrading. for example, improving battery management systems, optimizing motor control strategies, improving the insulation performance of electrical systems, etc., to improve product safety and reliability. at the same time, with technological upgrading, the entry threshold for the new energy vehicle market will also increase. only companies and products that meet safety performance requirements can enter the market, which will promote the entire industry to accelerate the survival of the fittest and continue to develop to a higher level.

the implementation of the new regulations will promote the coordinated development of upstream and downstream enterprises in the new energy vehicle industry chain. testing institutions will promote the continuous development of the research and development and production of testing equipment by strengthening cooperation and exchanges with car companies and parts companies. repair and maintenance companies will also continue to improve their technical level and service quality to adapt to market demand.

the new regulations also provide unified standards and basis for the safety testing of new energy vehicles, requiring companies to conduct product testing and certification in accordance with regulations to ensure that products meet safety standards. to some extent, the new regulations help regulate market behavior and reduce unfair competition. as the safety performance of new energy vehicles continues to improve, consumers will have more trust in new energy vehicles and will be more willing to buy them.

in addition, with the implementation of the new regulations, it will also have a positive impact on the car insurance, power battery recycling and new energy used car markets. on the one hand, the new regulations provide detailed testing items, provide insurance companies with more reliable data support, and help insurance companies more accurately assess the risks of new energy vehicles, thereby developing insurance products that are more in line with market demand and risk characteristics; at the same time, it can also improve the accuracy and efficiency of claim settlement and loss determination, and reduce claim settlement disputes caused by information asymmetry.

on the other hand, the new regulations include complete power battery safety testing projects, which can comprehensively display the performance of power batteries. they will also provide important data reference for the battery recycling industry and promote battery recycling companies to strengthen the research, development and application of battery recycling technology. improving the utilization rate of battery resources can also reduce recycling costs to a certain extent.

in addition, the new regulations can also provide comprehensive test reports for new energy vehicles, including the health of the battery, the operation of the drive motor and electronic control system, etc., which will significantly improve the accuracy of the value assessment of new energy used vehicles, and the vehicle value retention rate will also be improved. it is expected to rise as a result. this is particularly important for consumers who are preparing to buy second-hand cars, helping them make more accurate car-purchasing decisions, thereby increasing the activity of the new energy second-hand car market.

the “double-edged sword” effect is highlighted, and pressures and challenges need to be solved urgently

however, the implementation of the new regulations at this stage also faces many challenges. first of all, the new regulations have very strict safety performance requirements for power batteries. long-term use or frequent charging and discharging will affect the battery performance. once the vehicle is detected as unqualified, it will not be able to continue driving on the road. for old new energy vehicles and operating new energy vehicles, the risk of obsolescence is undoubtedly higher. at the same time, compared with traditional fuel vehicles, the annual inspection of new energy vehicles includes multiple new testing items and requires the use of more advanced testing equipment and technology, so annual inspection fees may increase. in addition, if the vehicle is found to have safety hazards or does not meet standards during the annual inspection, the owner will need to spend more money to repair or replace relevant parts. especially for older new energy vehicles, the cost of repairing or replacing key components such as batteries may be higher.

secondly, the current annual vehicle inspection standard "motor vehicle safety technical inspection items and methods" (gb 38900-2020) is a mandatory national standard and a manufacturing standard that must be strictly implemented by car companies. it has legal attributes and violators will be subject to legal sanctions. . the newly released "new energy vehicle operation safety performance inspection regulations" (gb/t 44500-2024) is a recommended national standard that relies on economic means or market regulation for implementation and does not have mandatory force. as a result, some problems may arise during implementation. on the one hand, if car owners understand that the new regulations are only recommended standards, they will question their authority and even refuse new annual inspection items, which is not conducive to the progress of new energy vehicle products; on the other hand, if they follow the new regulations if a vehicle is found to have malfunctions during the annual inspection, and when the owner defends his rights, even if the vehicle is within the warranty period, the car company is likely to refuse to take responsibility on this basis, resulting in a dispute between the two parties, which is not conducive to the health of the new energy vehicle market. develop.

finally, the implementation of new regulations may double the pressure on testing agencies. on the one hand, the testing station needs to invest a lot of money to purchase new energy vehicle testing equipment and provide professional training for testing personnel to meet the testing requirements; on the other hand, because new energy vehicles use different types of batteries, including lithium iron phosphate batteries, ternary lithium batteries, etc. each battery has different performance and testing requirements. therefore, testing agencies need to master a variety of battery testing technologies to ensure the accuracy and comprehensiveness of testing.

summarize:

in the long run, the implementation of the annual inspection system for new energy vehicles is of great significance to improving the safety of new energy vehicles and promoting technological progress and industrial development. by increasing the safety testing of core components such as batteries, motors, and electronic controls, companies are encouraged to continuously improve product quality, accelerate technology iterative upgrades, and achieve survival of the fittest. unified testing standards are also conducive to standardizing market behavior, promoting healthy competition among enterprises, and promoting the coordinated development of upstream and downstream enterprises in the industry chain. however, there is still controversy over the nature of the testing standards in the new regulations, and there are also unclear issues regarding the establishment and division of responsibilities of regulatory agencies that need to be resolved urgently. it is believed that with the joint efforts of relevant national departments, automobile companies, and testing institutions, the annual inspection system for new energy vehicles will continue to be improved, driving related industries to achieve healthy, orderly, and sustainable development.