deepening national defense education for all on the track of the rule of law——experts’ interpretation of the newly revised national defense education law
2024-09-25
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deepen national defense education for all people on the track of rule of law
——experts interpret the newly revised national defense education law
■ zhang lei, reporter of china national defense news
national defense education is the foundation for building and consolidating national defense, and is an important way to enhance national cohesion and improve the quality of the whole people. on september 13, the 11th session of the standing committee of the 14th national people's congress voted to pass the newly revised national defense education law, which will come into effect on september 21, providing strong legal support for deepening national defense education for all people.
in the new era, how can we carry out national defense education in accordance with the law and further improve the national defense literacy of the whole people? in this issue, we invited liu hongshun, associate researcher at the military law institute of the academy of military sciences, and gu qingyue, deputy to the national people's congress and associate professor at the air force engineering university, to provide in-depth interpretations on related issues.
on september 19, at the zhejiang provincial national defense education achievement exhibition, primary school students put on vr equipment to experience simulated shooting. photo by huang chao
adhere to ideological guidance
distilling experience and building synergy
reporter: the national defense education law was promulgated and implemented in 2001. in 2018, the national defense education law was partially revised. what is the reason and purpose of revising the national defense education law this time? what changes have taken place in the field of national defense education in recent years?
liu hongshun: the revision of the national defense education law is in accordance with the decision and deployment of the party central committee with comrade xi jinping as the core. under the strategic overall situation of responding to major changes in the world unseen in a century and promoting the great rejuvenation of the chinese nation, in the process of comprehensively governing the country and the military according to law, it aims to consolidate and improve the integrated national strategic system and capabilities, adapt to the new situation of national defense and military modernization, implement the new deployment of the party’s propaganda, ideology and cultural work, adapt to new changes in the national defense concepts of the whole people, and make new norms and new requirements in the field of national defense education for all. it will surely accelerate the construction and improvement of a new pattern of national defense education for all, and continuously improve the level of legalization of national defense education for all.
entering the new era, profound changes have taken place in the field of national defense education:
first, the organizational leadership system is reshaped and reconstructed. according to the decision and deployment of the cpc central committee, the national defense education functions undertaken by the military and local party committees and governments at all levels will be centralized and unified, and the cpc central committee and local party committees at all levels will be responsible for them, with the specific work to be undertaken by the propaganda departments of party committees at all levels.
second, the innovative development of educational methods and approaches. with the development of society, school national defense education activities are rich and colorful, mass national defense education activities are full of creativity, media publicity forms are diverse, and the quality and effectiveness of national defense education for all people are constantly improving.
third, the enthusiasm of society to participate in education is high. with the rapid development of my country's social organizations and the enhancement of citizens' national defense awareness, the channels and methods for social organizations and individuals to participate in national defense education are becoming increasingly diverse, and they have gradually become the main force in carrying out national defense education for all.
fourth, advanced technology has enabled extensive and in-depth development. with the help of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data, the content construction, technology application, infrastructure, and terminal equipment of national defense education have undergone tremendous changes, with an increasingly wider coverage and influence, and stronger appeal and appeal.
reporter: what is the relationship between the revised national defense education law and the "opinions on strengthening and improving national defense education in the new era" (hereinafter referred to as the "opinions") issued in 2022?
liu hongshun: the two are consistent in content and complement each other. the opinions is a guiding document for carrying out national defense education for all people in the new era. the newly revised national defense education law summarizes and absorbs the ideological essence and relevant requirements of the opinions, refines and sorts out the innovative measures and successful experiences in relevant regions and fields over the past two years, fully reflects the will of all levels and departments and the general public, and makes the party's propositions become the will of the state through legal procedures, which is conducive to gathering a strong force for national defense education for all people.
reporter: you participated in the revision of the national defense education law. what good experiences and practices did you gain during the revision process?
liu hongshun: during the revision process, we first adhered to ideological guidance. the drafting team repeatedly read president xi's important statements and instructions on national defense education, studied and implemented the spirit of the 20th cpc national congress, and integrated the scientific worldview and methodology contained therein throughout the entire revision process.
second, it fully reflects the requirements of the times. entering the new era, national defense and military construction have higher requirements for the support and guarantee of national defense education for all people, and the methods and means of national defense education for all people are richer and the technical means are more advanced. the drafting group of the revision strives to grasp the basic laws and development trends, and reflect and regulate new needs and changes in the form of law.
third, the military and local governments worked together to promote the revision. the military and local government personnel and experts and scholars in the drafting group solicited opinions and reached consensus through joint office, joint research and joint demonstration, laying a solid foundation for improving the applicability of the content to the military and local governments.
on september 19, primary school students visited the cultural relics archive of a brigade of the 72nd army group and listened to the historical stories of the troops. photo by wu zhishuo
standardize leadership system
clarify the connotation and clarify the responsibilities
reporter: what are the key points and main contents of this revision?
liu hongshun: the revised national defense education law consists of 6 chapters and 42 articles. the overall chapters remain unchanged, but the content of relevant articles has been greatly adjusted. it mainly clarifies the connotation and guiding ideology of national defense education, standardizes the leadership system of national defense education and the work responsibilities of relevant departments, makes detailed requirements for building a school national defense education system, expands the scope and channels of social national defense education, and standardizes the guarantee requirements for national defense education.
reporter: this revision clarifies the connotation of national defense education. what are the considerations behind this?
liu hongshun: our research found that in the academic and theoretical circles and in practical work, due to the lack of a unified understanding of the connotation and extension of national defense education, there are problems such as incomplete education content and unclear work priorities. to this end, this revision regulates the connotation of national defense education and clarifies the objects, core, purpose, content and other elements of national defense education.
the revision clarifies that "the state shall carry out national defense education among all citizens, with patriotism as the core and fulfillment of national defense obligations as the purpose, in the areas of theory, knowledge, skills, science and technology, law, psychology, etc. related to national defense and military construction." among them, the national defense education targets all citizens, emphasizes the universal nature of the national defense education, requires universal coverage, and encourages the full participation of the whole people. with patriotism as the core, it is organically connected with the patriotism education law, highlights the essential attributes of national defense education, emphasizes that national defense education should take patriotism as the starting point and end point, and promote the spirit of patriotism; with the fulfillment of national defense obligations as the purpose, emphasizes that through national defense education, the whole people will understand the national defense responsibilities and rights and effectively fulfill the national defense obligations; the theory, knowledge, skills, science and technology, law, psychology, etc. related to national defense and military construction are included in the content of national defense education, which fully reflects the systematic, scientific and contemporary nature of the content construction, and is conducive to educating the whole people to form a systematic and holistic understanding of national defense and military construction.
reporter: what adjustments and clarifications have been made to the leadership system of national defense education in this revision?
liu hongshun: this revision clearly states that "we must uphold the leadership of the communist party of china over national defense education work, and establish a national defense education leadership system that is centralized and unified, with division of responsibilities and coordination between the military and the local government," and that "the central national defense education department is responsible for the guidance, supervision and overall coordination of national defense education work across the country." it also stipulates the responsibilities of local national defense education departments at all levels and other relevant military and local departments.
clarifying the work responsibilities and target requirements of relevant departments will help improve the working mechanism and smooth the work process, consolidate and strengthen the party's leadership over national defense education, give full play to the party's political and organizational advantages, give full play to the functions and roles of party organizations at all levels, inspire the sense of responsibility of the majority of party members and cadres, and integrate the party's leadership into all areas of the entire process of national defense education, ensuring the correct direction, quality and effectiveness of national defense education.
national defense education in schools
refine content and improve system
reporter: what provisions does this revision make on the content of national defense education in schools?
liu hongshun: in accordance with the requirements of integrated ideological and political education in universities, colleges and primary and secondary schools, and in accordance with the implementation of the fundamental task of cultivating morality and educating people, with a focus on cultivating socialist builders and successors with all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique, aesthetics and labor, this revision has made major changes to the content of school national defense education, which will help the school's national defense education work to be more standardized and efficient.
the first is about the organization and leadership of national defense education in schools. on the basis of standardizing the organizational, guiding and supervisory responsibilities of education administrative departments, the requirement of "schools should include national defense education in their work and teaching plans and take effective measures to ensure the quality and effectiveness of national defense education" is added, aiming to strengthen the statutory responsibility of schools to carry out national defense education and enhance the sense of responsibility of school leaders in national defense education.
the second is about building a school national defense education system. this revision follows the concept of top-level design and system coordination, and clearly regulates the national defense education curriculum setting and the target requirements that should be achieved for students at different learning stages. this is a major innovation of the newly revised national defense education law. in terms of curriculum setting, primary and junior high schools are required to include national defense education content in relevant courses, and high schools are required to arrange special national defense education content in relevant courses. ordinary colleges and universities should set up national defense education courses and strengthen the construction of disciplines related to national defense education. grasping the physical and mental characteristics and learning habits of young people of different ages will help build a school national defense education system with complete elements, perfect structure, and progressive levels.
the third is about combining national defense education with military service publicity and education. at present, colleges and universities have become the main battlefield for conscription work. combining school national defense education with military service publicity and education is conducive to close coordination between college propaganda departments and military service conscription departments, creating a strong atmosphere of honor for military service and encouraging aspiring young people to turn their patriotism into actions to serve the country.
fourth, regarding the military training of students in ordinary colleges and high schools. carrying out military training for students is an important form and effective way for my country to carry out national defense education. the newly revised national defense education law includes the content of student military training in the chapter "national defense education in schools" for regulation, clarifies the scope of application, organization and implementation of student military training, and the main responsibilities of relevant departments, which will help strengthen legislative coordination, organize and carry out student military training under the general framework of national defense education, and ensure that it is organized and implemented safely in accordance with the law.
reporter: the revision has put forward new requirements for strengthening the construction of disciplines related to national defense education. what are the considerations behind this?
gu qingyue: during the investigation, we learned that there are problems such as insufficient theoretical guidance and insufficient teaching staff in national defense education. considering that national defense education covers multiple fields such as national defense theory, national defense laws and regulations, national defense skills, and national defense science and technology, it has a strong cross-integration and places high demands on the quality of teachers. strengthening the construction of disciplines related to national defense education will help deepen the theoretical research of national defense education, enhance the teaching staff, and improve the quality of teaching.
social defense education
expand scope and carry out regular
reporter: this revision has adjusted the naming authority and free access to national defense education bases. what role does this play in promoting national defense education in society? what other regulations and adjustments are there in this regard?
gu qingyue: this revision clarifies that the national defense education authorities at or above the prefecture-level city level shall name the national defense education bases together with the military agencies at the same level, and clarifies the rights and obligations of naming and managing national defense education bases under the new national defense education management system. national defense education bases are open to military personnel, veterans, students and other subjects free of charge, which can ensure the coverage of education and enhance the effectiveness of education.
this revision has expanded the scope and channels of national defense education in society. considering that leading cadres of the party and government at all levels are both organizers and leaders of national defense education and the key targets of national defense education, higher standards are set for state agency staff, requiring them to have a high level of national defense literacy and play an exemplary role in national defense education for all.
liu hongshun: this revision clarifies the training requirements for state agency staff, requiring relevant educational institutions to incorporate national defense education into training plans and set up appropriate national defense education courses; select and send local and department heads to relevant military academies for training; and requires state agency staff engaged in national defense mobilization, military service, national defense scientific research and production, border and coastal defense, and other national defense construction undertakings to learn and master the necessary national defense theories, knowledge, and skills, and continuously improve their ability to perform their duties.
gu qingyue: the revised regulations require that major festivals, anniversaries and major theme events be used to widely carry out mass national defense education activities; and that national defense education activities with clear themes and various forms be carried out on the national defense education day. this legally guarantees the normalization of national defense education.
during the national people's congress this year, i and several military deputies jointly put forward a proposal, which mentioned that we should coordinate the use of media power, publicize advanced models and touching deeds in the field of national defense and military construction at multiple levels and through multiple channels, and strengthen the rational voices and mainstream values of loving and building national defense. we should actively explore the use of new platforms, new technologies and new means to enhance the penetration and influence of national defense education. these suggestions are reflected in this revision.
division of military duties
take advantage of close collaboration
reporter: regarding student military training, this revision proposes that "local military agencies should assist schools in organizing student military training." why was such a regulation made?
gu qingyue: the mechanism construction and legal support for student military training are the focus of the npc deputies' research and are also a hot topic of social concern. our research found that the current military training and preparation tasks are heavy, and the training forces that can be mobilized are limited, while the local military training instructors are in great demand, and there is a gap between supply and demand. undertaking military training for local school students involves many matters that require close coordination between the military and the local government, and the mechanisms, models, and paths for military-local coordination are still being explored.
this revision stipulates that ordinary colleges and universities and high schools should organize military training for students in accordance with regulations, and strengthens the legal obligation of local military agencies to assist schools in organizing military training.
reporter: what requirements does this revision put forward for the military to participate in national defense education? how to achieve good military-civilian coordination?
gu qingyue: this revision proposes that "the relevant departments of the central military commission shall carry out national defense education in accordance with their division of responsibilities and in coordination with the central competent department of national defense education." this not only clearly stipulates the obligation of the military to carry out national defense education, but also reserves flexibility for the military to select relevant forces to support national defense education.
the military is an important supplier of national defense education theory, knowledge, skills, equipment, venues and other resources. taking school national defense education as an example, classroom teaching is an important way to help young people master national defense theory knowledge and national defense skills. theoretical instructors in military academies and troops are the dominant group for classroom teaching. organizing theoretical instructors in various fields of the military to train local school teachers and continuously and systematically conduct national defense education courses for students requires the military to coordinate teachers, establish rules and regulations, and form a sound cooperation mechanism to ensure high-quality and efficient teaching. at the same time, national defense education is both educational and practical, and it is also necessary to take into account the requirements of national education reforms such as the integration of ideological and political education in universities, middle schools and primary schools and the construction of a large ideological and political education system to maximize the educational effect.
as the reform of the military's organizational system gradually deepens, how the military can cooperate with local governments in student military training, military camp opening, national defense education expert organization, national defense education theory training, etc. is an issue currently being explored. this revision will help promote the establishment of an efficient, smooth and flexible military-local coordination mechanism as soon as possible.
(source: china military network - china national defense news)
