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according to the turkish ministry of defense, the first aip (air independent propulsion) submarine of the turkish navy reiss-class held a commissioning ceremony at the aksaz naval base at the end of august. on the same day, the second and third submarines of this class held sea trials and outfitting ceremonies respectively. the introduction and development of the reiss-class submarines is seen as a sign of turkey's accelerated development of submarine localization. by 2029, all six reiss-class submarines are planned to be completed and put into use.

the first turkish reis-class aip submarine at the commissioning ceremony.

using the main technology of german submarines

the prototype of the reis-class submarine is the export-type 214 submarine of the german thyssenkrupp marine systems. it was originally called the 214tn type (tn is the english abbreviation of the turkish navy), and was later named the reis-class in honor of piri reis, a famous admiral of the ottoman empire in the 16th century. this type of submarine uses an aip propulsion system and is designed and developed based on the needs of the turkish navy and the integration of turkish domestic weapons and equipment. according to the contract, the reis-class submarine is authorized by germany to be built in turkey, and the main components and materials of the first two submarines are provided by the german thyssenkrupp marine systems.

the hull technology is mature. the reis-class submarine has the advantages of compact structure, moderate displacement, good stealth performance, and large weapon and equipment carrying capacity, which can meet various underwater combat needs. public data shows that the reis-class submarine is about 69 meters long, with a hull diameter of about 6 meters, an underwater displacement of 2,100 tons, a maximum diving depth of 400 meters, and a crew of 40 people. the hull adopts a pressure-resistant single hull plus a partial double hull design to ensure safety in extreme situations such as cabin flooding.

advanced power system. the reis-class submarine uses new fuel cell and aip propulsion technology, equipped with two fuel cell systems with a total output power of 240 kilowatts and two high-capacity batteries, powered by two siemens motors and two mtu diesel engines. this class of submarines has a high speed, strong endurance and a large range of deployment capabilities, with a maximum speed of 15 knots on the water and a maximum speed of 24 knots underwater; at a speed of 2 to 6 knots, it can sail continuously underwater for 3 weeks, with a maximum sea endurance of 41 days.

balanced combat effectiveness. the reis-class submarine is equipped with 8 533mm heavy torpedo tubes, which can be loaded with anti-ship missiles, heavy torpedoes, etc., such as the us ugm-84 "harpoon" anti-ship missile, mk48 mod 6at heavy torpedo, german dm2a4 heavy torpedo, etc., and can also be compatible with turkey's domestically produced "akaya" heavy torpedo, "atmaca" anti-ship cruise missile and "traveler" long-range cruise missile. among them, the "akaya" heavy torpedo has sonar guidance, acoustic countermeasures, wake homing, autonomous control or remote control functions, and can strike submarines and various surface targets. the "traveler" long-range cruise missile is known as the "turkish tomahawk" and has the ability to carry out long-range strikes on deep land targets from underwater. thanks to these weapons and equipment, the reis-class submarine can perform a variety of tasks from coastal waters to ocean combat readiness patrols, including anti-ship and anti-submarine operations, intelligence, reconnaissance and surveillance missions, and underwater infiltration and other special operations.

promoting the development of indigenous submarine technology

the introduction of the reis-class submarines is a key step for turkey to promote the development of submarine localization. based on the 12 type 209 conventional-powered submarines previously introduced, turkey has further mastered submarine manufacturing technology, accumulated relevant experience, cultivated technical talents, and improved the independent design and construction capabilities of turkey's defense industry by assembling and building reis-class submarines.

on the one hand, by participating in the design, assembly and construction of the reis-class submarines, the turkish shipbuilding industry has further digested and absorbed the advanced technology of german submarines, expanded the field of submarine equipment manufacturing, realized independent research and development of electronic, communication, underwater weapons, sonar and aip systems, and promoted the establishment of a relatively complete industrial manufacturing system. on the other hand, turkey's self-designed and built "national submarine" project has entered the design stage and is scheduled to start construction after 2030. in addition to the companies that have been scheduled to participate in the construction of the project, many domestic defense companies in turkey are participating in the project as subcontractors. these companies have made breakthrough developments in submarine navigation and data management, torpedo countermeasures systems, etc. by participating in the research and development of related systems of the reis-class submarines, greatly enhancing turkey's local shipbuilding, electronic, and weapon system integration capabilities, and ensuring the smooth development of turkey's domestic submarine project.

improving maritime combat capabilities

according to the plan, all reis-class submarines will be completed and put into service in 2029. by then, the six aip submarines will greatly enhance the turkish navy's underwater detection and offensive and defensive capabilities, and further expand its maritime strategic interests.

the smooth development of the reis-class submarine project will lay a technical foundation for turkey to build other ship projects, and will also play a positive role in promoting turkey to mass-produce new offshore frigates, a new generation of landing ships, and mine hunters/sweepers. in the future, after this class of submarines is put into service, it will further strengthen turkey's ability to monitor and control the surrounding waters, and enhance its influence in the mediterranean and black sea directions and its voice in regional security affairs.

editor-in-charge/ wang rui