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on september 18, 1931, the japanese kwantung army launched a surprise attack on the northeastern army with a mere dissatisfied division. chiang kai-shek and zhang xueliang were both afraid of the sun and ordered not to resist. they even asked the northeast army soldiers who were attacked to "not fight back. everyone stands and dies, sacrifice for the country!" as a result, the three northeastern provinces fell in lightning speed, and 30 million compatriots became slaves of the subjugated country. . a large number of ordnance supplies of the northeast army were also seized by the japanese army.

the most pity here is the air force of the northeast army. this is the strongest air force in the era of warlord melee.

zhang zuolin was the founder of the northeast army, but the construction of the three northeastern provinces did have its own unique features. in order to build the three northeastern provinces into a base for his domination of the country, this illiterate man with a background as a bandit attached great importance to education, industry, and modern technology.

in 1917, duan qirui launched a crusade against zhang xun's braided army and dispatched several planes to bomb and drop bombs. although not many people were killed, the braided army was frightened and scattered. zhang zuolin, who was watching from the sidelines, was very envious. during the zhili-anhui war in 1920, zhang zuolin of the zhili clique assisted cao kun and wu peifu of the zhili clique to defeat duan qirui of the anhui clique, took the opportunity to seize eight of duan qirui's aircraft, and established the aviation department of the three eastern provinces. in 1922, zhang zuolin fought the first zhili-fengtian war with cao kun and wu peifu. both sides had aircraft participating in the battle, but the zhili army had a much greater advantage. zhang jinghui's troops on the western front of the fengjun army were approached by zhili army aircraft and dropped bombs, causing a collapse. zhang zuolin therefore made up his mind to build a powerful air force.

in 1923, zhang zuolin appointed zhang xueliang to concurrently serve as the director of the aviation department of the three northeastern provinces, and then founded the aviation school of the three northeastern provinces, with zhang xueliang as the principal. corporal zhang xueliang invited professionals such as feng yong and wan xianzhang as well as japanese and russian consultants, and also sent a large number of young people to study abroad. zhang xueliang himself studied hard and quickly mastered flying skills. he often flew airplanes between yingkou and dandong.

(zhang xueliang dispatched pilots studying in france)

(zhang xueliang flies a plane)

under zhang xueliang's painstaking management, the fengtian air force became increasingly powerful. in the second zhili-fengtian war in 1924, the fengtian air force seized air supremacy and washed away its previous humiliation. in 1925, the first batch of more than 60 students graduated from the aviation school. at this time, fengjun already owned more than 50 aircraft. not only did it have aircraft and pilots, it also had its own airport, ground handling, equipment, factories, training institutions, etc. it was an adult. the systematic air force is very rare in the country. fengjun also built its own aircraft, including the bi-wing liao f1 fighter, the liao fhl longer-range bomber that can carry four aerial bombs, and the two-seat medium bomber "liao h1".

in 1926, the guangdong revolutionary regime launched its northern expedition. wu peifu and sun chuanfang were defeated successively. northern warlords feng yuxiang, yan xishan and others also responded to the northern expedition. the fengtian air force frequently went to war, fighting against feng, yan and other troops, and also sent troops to seize territory in henan, which was quite creditable.

in 1928, during the second northern expedition of the national revolutionary army, fengjun was defeated in north china. zhang zuolin was killed by the japanese. zhang xueliang succeeded to the throne, and fengjun was renamed the northeastern army. during the eastern route incident in 1929, northeastern army aircraft fought with the soviet air force and shot down two soviet aircraft. however, due to being outnumbered, the weak were unable to defeat the strong, and were unable to control the air.

with this defeat alone, zhang xueliang also saw the gap between the northeast army's air force and the world's powerful countries, so he further purchased advanced aircraft to strengthen the air force's strength. within a year or two, its strength increased significantly. by 1931, the northeast army had nearly 300 new and old aircraft, including fighters, bombers, reconnaissance aircraft, training aircraft, seaplanes, and the zhenhai seaplane carrier.

in july 1931, shi yousan, with the support of feng yuxiang and yan xishan, launched a campaign against chiang kai-shek and zhang. zhang xueliang sent more than 20 planes to bomb the three groups of friends. tang bangzhi, shi yousan's chief of staff, recalled: "at that time, northeastern army aircraft also participated in the battle and kept flying at low altitudes to bomb our army. our army had a mortar company that was blown up by the aircraft, causing all casualties in personnel, mules and horses." "this is a rare example of the warlords in the republic of china relying on the air force to crush the army.

however, this was also the last glory of the northeast army air force.

just one month before shi yousan was bombed, japanese spy nakamura sentaro and others were captured and executed by the northeast army. japan took the opportunity to instigate an invasion of northeast china. on september 15, news spread that the japanese army was preparing to send troops. as the "young marshal's disciple", the northeast air force was filled with indignation and demanded that planes be dispatched to bomb the japanese army. chen haihua, commander of the northeast air force, called zhang xueliang in peking for instructions, but zhang xueliang ordered that "all air force officers and soldiers are not allowed to act without authorization."

on the night of september 18, the japanese army raided beida camp. acting commander-in-chief of staff of the northeast frontier defense force rong zhen also issued an order: "the japanese troops are making trouble and are not allowed to resist. anyone who disobeys orders and causes trouble will be dealt with according to military law." the next morning, more than 100 japanese troops lurked in northeast china airlines. under the leadership of japanese instructors from the school, they attacked shenyang airport. they were surprised to find that such an important area was not guarded. of course, even if there are guards, under the order of "no resistance", it is just waiting to die in vain. the japanese invaders not only took control of the airport, but also seized 260 aircraft. among them were british-made vimeille bombers. french-made breguet, botai, and gaudelon bombers, german-made junkers reconnaissance bombers, japanese-made a-type fighter jets and type-88 reconnaissance aircraft, as well as 40 new ones that have just been imported from czechoslovakia and other countries and have not yet been unpacked and installed. airplane.

(report on the japanese occupation of shenyang airport)

it is a pity that this large and elite first air force of the republic of china was captured by a mere hundred japanese pirates without firing a single bomb.

you must know that more than a hundred of these aircraft are combatable. if they take off to attack together, the japanese army in shenyang has only ten thousand troops, and it may be difficult to organize effective air defense. when guo songling fought against feng, zhang xueliang knew that he ordered the plane to evacuate quickly to avoid falling into the hands of guo jun. now facing the japanese aggressors, not only is the air force not allowed to resist, but it is not even arranged for transfer and retreat, which is really disappointing.

after the september 18th incident, although the northeast army still occupied territory in north china, it had become a lost dog. the few remaining aircraft, as well as the air force personnel who fled the occupied areas, were soon annexed by chiang kai-shek central committee. zhang xueliang's father had high hopes, but the elite team that zhang xueliang had run for ten years disappeared.