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Beijing, July 21 (Xinhua) -- The CPC Central Committee's decision to further deepen reform and promote Chinese-style modernization

(Adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on July 18, 2024)

In order to implement the strategic arrangements made at the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China studied the issues of further comprehensively deepening reform and promoting Chinese-style modernization, and made the following decisions.

I. The significance and overall requirements of further deepening reform and promoting Chinese-style modernization

(1) The importance and necessity of further deepening reform in an all-round way. Reform and opening up are the important magic weapon for the cause of the Party and the people to catch up with the times. The Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee was epoch-making, opening a new era of reform and opening up and socialist modernization. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee was also epoch-making, opening a new journey of comprehensively deepening reform and promoting reform through systematic and overall design in the new era, creating a new situation for my country's reform and opening up.

The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has united and led the entire Party, the entire military, and the people of all ethnic groups across the country, and with great historical initiative, tremendous political courage, and a strong sense of responsibility, has broken through the shackles of ideas and concepts, the barriers of vested interests, dared to advance into deep waters, dared to tackle tough problems, dared to wade through dangerous shoals, and resolutely eliminated the drawbacks of various systems and mechanisms. It has achieved the transformation of reform from local exploration and breaking through the ice to system integration and comprehensive deepening. The basic institutional framework in various fields has been basically established, and historic changes, systematic reshaping, and overall reconstruction have been achieved in many fields. The reform tasks determined by the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee have been generally completed, and the goal of making various systems more mature, more established, and achieving remarkable results by the centenary of the founding of the Party has been achieved. This has provided a strong institutional guarantee for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and achieving the Party’s first centenary goal, and has pushed my country onto a new journey of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way.

The current and future period is a critical period for comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation with Chinese-style modernization. Chinese-style modernization is constantly advancing in reform and opening up, and will also open up broad prospects in reform and opening up. Faced with the complex international and domestic situation, the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and the new expectations of the people, we must continue to push forward reform. This is an inevitable requirement for upholding and improving the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities, an inevitable requirement for implementing the new development concept and better adapting to the changes in the main contradictions in our society, an inevitable requirement for adhering to the people-centered approach and allowing the fruits of modernization to benefit all the people more and more equitably, an inevitable requirement for responding to major risks and challenges and promoting the steady and long-term development of the cause of the Party and the country, an inevitable requirement for promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind and winning strategic initiative in the accelerated evolution of the century-old changes, and an inevitable requirement for deepening the new great project of Party building in the new era and building a stronger and more powerful Marxist party. Reform and opening up only have a present tense, not a past tense. The whole Party must consciously place reform in a more prominent position and further deepen reform in an all-round way around promoting Chinese-style modernization.

(2) Guiding ideology for further deepening reform in an all-round way. We should adhere to Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of "Three Represents", and the Scientific Outlook on Development, fully implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly study and implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's series of new ideas, new viewpoints, and new propositions on comprehensively deepening reform, fully and accurately implement the new development concept, adhere to the general working principle of seeking progress while maintaining stability, persist in emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, keeping pace with the times, and seeking truth and being pragmatic, further liberate and develop social productive forces, stimulate and enhance social vitality, coordinate the domestic and international situations, coordinate the promotion of the "five-in-one" overall layout, coordinate the promotion of the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, take economic system reform as the driving force, take promoting social fairness and justice and improving people's well-being as the starting point and end point, pay more attention to system integration, focus on highlighting key points, and pay more attention to the effectiveness of reform, promote better adaptation between production relations and productive forces, superstructure and economic base, and national governance and social development, and provide strong impetus and institutional guarantee for China's modernization.

(3) The overall goal of further deepening reform in an all-round way. We will continue to improve and develop the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and advance the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. By 2035, we will have fully established a high-level socialist market economic system, further improved the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, basically achieved the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, and basically achieved socialist modernization, laying a solid foundation for building a socialist modern power in an all-round way by the middle of this century.

——Focus on building a high-level socialist market economic system, give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, better play the role of the government, adhere to and improve the basic socialist economic system, promote high-level scientific and technological self-reliance, promote high-level opening up to the outside world, build a modern economic system, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, and promote high-quality development.

——Focus on developing people's democracy throughout the entire process, adhere to the organic unity of the Party's leadership, the people's mastery of their own affairs, and the rule of law, promote a more sound system of people's mastery of their own affairs, extensive and multi-level institutional development of consultative democracy, and a more complete socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, and achieve a higher level in the construction of a socialist country ruled by law.

——Focus on building a socialist cultural power, adhere to the fundamental system of Marxism's guiding role in the ideological field, improve the system and mechanism for the development of cultural undertakings and cultural industries, promote cultural prosperity, enrich people's spiritual and cultural life, and enhance the country's cultural soft power and the influence of Chinese culture.

——Focus on improving people's quality of life, improving the income distribution and employment systems, improving the social security system, enhancing the balance and accessibility of basic public services, and promoting more obvious and substantial progress in the all-round development of people and the common prosperity of all people.

——Focus on building a beautiful China, accelerate the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, improve the ecological environment governance system, promote ecological priority, conservation and intensive development, green and low-carbon development, and promote harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

——Focus on building a safer China at a higher level, improve the national security system, strengthen the integrated national strategic system, enhance the ability to safeguard national security, innovate the social governance system, mechanism and means, and effectively build a new security pattern.

——Focus on improving the Party’s leadership level and long-term governance capabilities, innovate and improve leadership and governance methods, deepen the reform of the Party building system, and improve the system of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party.

By 2029, the 80th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the reform tasks proposed in this decision will be completed.

(4) Principles for further deepening reform in an all-round way. Summarize and apply the valuable experience of deepening reform in an all-round way since the reform and opening up, especially in the new era, and implement the following principles: adhere to the overall leadership of the Party, firmly safeguard the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized and unified leadership, give full play to the Party's leading role in taking overall charge and coordinating all parties, and ensure that the Party's leadership runs through all aspects of the reform process, ensuring that the reform always moves forward in the correct political direction; adhere to the people-centered approach, respect the people's dominant position and pioneering spirit, respond to the people's demands, ensure that the reform is for the people, relies on the people, and the fruits of the reform are shared by the people; adhere to the principle of keeping the right direction and making innovations, unswervingly adhere to socialism with Chinese characteristics, keep pace with the times, adapt to the development of practice, and highlight problem orientation , promote theoretical innovation, practical innovation, institutional innovation, cultural innovation and other aspects of innovation from a new starting point; adhere to institutional construction as the main line, strengthen top-level design and overall planning, break and establish simultaneously, establish first and then break, build a solid fundamental system, improve the basic system, and innovate important systems; adhere to the comprehensive rule of law, deepen reform and promote Chinese-style modernization on the track of the rule of law, achieve the unity of reform and the rule of law, major reforms are based on the law, and the results of reform are promptly elevated to the legal system; adhere to a systematic concept, handle major relationships such as economy and society, government and market, efficiency and fairness, vitality and order, development and security, and enhance the systematic, holistic and coordinated nature of reform.

II. Building a high-level socialist market economic system

A high-level socialist market economic system is an important guarantee for China's modernization. We must give better play to the role of the market mechanism, create a fairer and more dynamic market environment, optimize resource allocation efficiency and maximize benefits, both "let it go" and "control it", better maintain market order, make up for market failures, smooth the circulation of the national economy, and stimulate the endogenous motivation and innovation vitality of the whole society.

(5) Adhere to and implement the "two unshakable" principles. Unshakably consolidate and develop the public economy, unshakably encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public economy, ensure that all types of economic ownership have equal access to production factors, fair participation in market competition and equal legal protection, and promote the complementary advantages and common development of all types of economic ownership.

Deepen the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, improve the management and supervision system and mechanism, enhance the strategic coordination of relevant management departments, promote the optimization of the layout and structural adjustment of the state-owned economy, promote the strengthening, optimization and expansion of state-owned capital and state-owned enterprises, enhance core functions and enhance core competitiveness. Further clarify the functional positioning of different types of state-owned enterprises, improve the management of main responsibilities and main businesses, and clarify the key investment areas and directions of state-owned capital. Promote the concentration of state-owned capital in important industries and key areas related to national security and the lifeline of the national economy, in public services, emergency response capabilities, public welfare areas related to national economy and people's livelihood, and in forward-looking strategic emerging industries. Improve the institutional arrangements for promoting original innovation in state-owned enterprises. Deepen the reform of state-owned capital investment and operation companies. Establish an evaluation system for state-owned enterprises to fulfill their strategic missions, improve the classification assessment and evaluation system for state-owned enterprises, and carry out the accounting of the added value of the state-owned economy. Promote the independent operation of natural monopoly links and market-oriented reform of competitive links in industries such as energy, railways, telecommunications, water conservancy, and public utilities, and improve the regulatory system and mechanism.

Adhere to the policy of creating a good environment and providing more opportunities for the development of the non-public economy. Formulate a law to promote the private economy. Deeply remove market access barriers, promote fair opening of competitive infrastructure fields to business entities, and improve the long-term mechanism for private enterprises to participate in the construction of major national projects. Support capable private enterprises to take the lead in undertaking major national technological research tasks, and further open up major national scientific research infrastructure to private enterprises. Improve the policy system for supporting private enterprise financing and solve the problems of difficult and expensive financing. Improve the legal and regulatory system for long-term supervision of fees related to enterprises and the settlement of overdue accounts owed to enterprises. Accelerate the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation system for the credit status of private enterprises and improve the credit enhancement system for private small and medium-sized enterprises. Support and guide private enterprises to improve their governance structure and management system, strengthen corporate compliance construction and corruption risk prevention and control. Strengthen supervision during and after the event, and standardize administrative inspections involving private enterprises.

Improve the modern enterprise system with Chinese characteristics, promote entrepreneurial spirit, support and guide all types of enterprises to improve the efficiency of resource utilization and management level, fulfill social responsibilities, and accelerate the construction of more world-class enterprises.

(6) Build a unified national market. Promote the unification of market basic system rules, fair and unified market supervision, and high-standard interconnection of market facilities. Strengthen the rigid constraints of fair competition review, strengthen anti-monopoly and anti-unfair competition, and clean up and abolish various regulations and practices that hinder the unified national market and fair competition. Standardize local investment promotion laws and regulations, and strictly prohibit illegal and irregular policy preferences. Establish and improve a unified and standardized, information-sharing bidding and tendering and government, public institutions, state-owned enterprise procurement and other public resource trading platform system to achieve open management of the entire project process. Improve the comprehensive market supervision capacity and level. Improve the national standard system and deepen the reform of local standard management systems.

Improve the system and rules of the factor market, promote the smooth flow of production factors, efficient allocation of various resources, and full release of market potential. Build a unified urban and rural construction land market. Improve the basic system to promote the standardized development of the capital market. Cultivate a national integrated technology and data market. Improve the price mechanism of factors determined mainly by market supply and demand, and prevent the government from improperly intervening in price formation. Improve the mechanism for the market to evaluate the contribution of production factors such as labor, capital, land, knowledge, technology, management, and data, and determine remuneration based on contribution. Promote price reform in water, energy, transportation and other fields, optimize the tiered water, electricity and gas price system for residents, and improve the pricing mechanism for refined oil products.

Improve the circulation system, accelerate the development of the Internet of Things, improve the integrated circulation rules and standards, and reduce the logistics costs of the whole society. Deepen the reform of the energy management system, build a unified national electricity market, and optimize the operation and dispatching mechanism of the oil and gas pipeline network.

Accelerate the cultivation of a complete domestic demand system, establish a long-term mechanism for government investment to support the construction of basic, public welfare, and long-term major projects, improve the system and mechanism for government investment to effectively drive social investment, deepen the reform of the investment approval system, improve the mechanism for stimulating social capital investment vitality and promoting investment landing, and form a market-led effective investment endogenous growth mechanism. Improve the long-term mechanism for expanding consumption, reduce restrictive measures, reasonably increase public consumption, and actively promote the initial public offering economy.

(7) Improve the basic system of the market economy. Improve the property rights system, protect the economic property rights of all types of ownership equally and permanently in accordance with the law, and establish an efficient comprehensive intellectual property management system. Improve the market information disclosure system and build a trade secret protection system. Implement the same responsibility, same crime and same punishment for acts that infringe on the economic property rights and legitimate interests of all types of ownership, and improve the punitive compensation system. Strengthen property rights law enforcement and judicial protection, prevent and correct the use of administrative and criminal means to interfere in economic disputes, and improve the mechanism for identifying and correcting wrongful cases involving enterprises in accordance with the law.

Improve the market access system and optimize the market access environment for new business forms and new fields. Deepen the reform of the registered capital subscription registration system and implement the subscription on schedule in accordance with the law. Improve the enterprise bankruptcy mechanism, explore the establishment of a personal bankruptcy system, promote the supporting reform of enterprise cancellation, and improve the enterprise exit system. Improve the social credit system and supervision system.

III. Improve the system and mechanism for promoting high-quality economic development

High-quality development is the primary task of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way. We must guide reform with the new development concept, base ourselves on the new development stage, deepen supply-side structural reform, improve the incentive and constraint mechanism to promote high-quality development, and create new momentum and advantages for development.

(8) Improve the system and mechanism for developing new quality productivity in accordance with local conditions. Promote revolutionary technological breakthroughs, innovative allocation of production factors, and deep transformation and upgrading of industries, promote the optimal combination and renewal of workers, labor materials, and labor objects, give birth to new industries, new models, and new momentum, and develop productivity characterized by high technology, high efficiency, and high quality. Strengthen innovation in key common technologies, cutting-edge leading technologies, modern engineering technologies, and disruptive technologies, strengthen the supply of systems in new fields and new tracks, establish a mechanism for future industrial investment growth, improve policies and governance systems to promote the development of strategic industries such as new generation information technology, artificial intelligence, aerospace, new energy, new materials, high-end equipment, biomedicine, and quantum technology, and guide the healthy and orderly development of emerging industries. Lead the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries with the improvement of national standards, and support enterprises to transform and upgrade traditional industries with digital intelligence technology and green technology. Strengthen institutional constraints such as environmental protection and safety.

Improve relevant rules and policies, accelerate the formation of production relations that are more compatible with new productivity, promote the aggregation of various advanced production factors to develop new productivity, and significantly improve total factor productivity. Encourage and regulate the development of angel investment, venture capital, and private equity investment, better play the role of government investment funds, and develop patient capital.

(9) Improve the system to promote the deep integration of the real economy and the digital economy. Accelerate the promotion of new industrialization, cultivate and expand advanced manufacturing clusters, and promote the high-end, intelligent and green development of manufacturing. Build a number of industry common technology platforms, accelerate the transformation of industrial models and corporate organizational forms, and improve the system and mechanism to enhance the leading position of advantageous industries. Optimize the operation and supervision mechanism of major industrial funds to ensure that the investment of funds is in line with national strategic requirements. Establish a mechanism to maintain a reasonable proportion of investment in the manufacturing industry and reasonably reduce the comprehensive cost and tax burden of the manufacturing industry.

Accelerate the establishment of institutional mechanisms to promote the development of the digital economy, and improve the policy system to promote digital industrialization and industrial digitization. Accelerate the popularization and application of new-generation information technology in all directions and across the entire chain, develop the industrial Internet, and create a digital industry cluster with international competitiveness. Promote the innovative development of the platform economy and improve the normalized supervision system of the platform economy. Build and operate national data infrastructure to promote data sharing. Accelerate the establishment of data property rights identification, market transactions, rights and interests distribution, and interest protection systems, enhance data security governance and supervision capabilities, and establish an efficient, convenient and secure cross-border data flow mechanism.

(10) Improve the system and mechanism for developing the service industry. Improve the policy system to support the development of the service industry, optimize the accounting of the service industry, and promote the standardization of the service industry. Focus on key links and fields to promote the high-quality development of the productive service industry, develop industrial Internet platforms, break down administrative barriers to cross-regional operations, and promote the integrated development of the productive service industry. Improve the mechanism to accelerate the diversified development of the life service industry. Improve the legal and regulatory system of intermediary service agencies, and promote intermediary service agencies to be honest and trustworthy and perform their duties in accordance with the law.

(11) Improve the system and mechanism for modern infrastructure construction. Build a new infrastructure planning and standard system, improve the mechanism for the integrated utilization of new infrastructure, promote the digital transformation of traditional infrastructure, expand diversified investment and financing channels, and improve the coordination mechanism for major infrastructure construction. Deepen the reform of the comprehensive transportation system, promote railway system reform, develop general aviation and low-altitude economy, and promote the optimization of toll road policies. Improve the underwriting capacity and global service level of shipping insurance, and promote innovation in maritime arbitration system rules. Improve the construction, operation and management mechanism of major water conservancy projects.

(12) Improve the system to enhance the resilience and security level of industrial chain and supply chain. We will speed up the construction of independent and controllable industrial chain and supply chain, improve and strengthen the development system and mechanism of key industrial chains such as integrated circuits, industrial mother machines, medical equipment, instrumentation, basic software, industrial software, and advanced materials, and promote technological breakthroughs and application of results throughout the entire chain. We will establish an industrial chain and supply chain security risk assessment and response mechanism. We will improve the collaborative mechanism for the orderly transfer of industries within the country, and promote the sharing of benefits between the transfer-out and receiving areas. We will build a national strategic hinterland and backup for key industries. We will accelerate the improvement of the national reserve system. We will improve the overall planning and connection system for the exploration, production, supply, storage and marketing of strategic mineral resources.

IV. Building a system and mechanism to support comprehensive innovation

Education, science and technology, and talent are the fundamental and strategic support for China's modernization. We must thoroughly implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, the strategy of strengthening the country through talent, and the strategy of innovation-driven development, coordinate and promote the reform of the education, science and technology talent system and mechanism, improve the new national system, and enhance the overall efficiency of the national innovation system.

(13) Deepen comprehensive education reform. Accelerate the construction of a high-quality education system, and comprehensively promote reforms in education methods, school-running models, management systems, and guarantee mechanisms. Improve the mechanism for cultivating morality and cultivating talents, promote the reform and innovation of the integrated ideological and political courses in universities, colleges, and primary and secondary schools, improve the comprehensive training system for morality, intelligence, physical fitness, aesthetics, and labor, enhance teachers' teaching and educating abilities, improve the long-term mechanism for the construction of teachers' ethics, and deepen the reform of education evaluation. Optimize the layout of higher education, and accelerate the construction of universities and superior disciplines with Chinese characteristics and world-class levels. Promote the reform of higher education institutions in a classified manner, establish a discipline adjustment mechanism and talent training model driven by scientific and technological development and national strategic needs, make an extraordinary layout of urgently needed disciplines and majors, strengthen the construction of basic disciplines, emerging disciplines, and interdisciplinary disciplines, and the training of top talents, and focus on strengthening the cultivation of innovative capabilities. Improve the mechanism for scientific and technological innovation in higher education institutions and improve the efficiency of achievement transformation. Strengthen the coordination between scientific and technological education and humanities education. Accelerate the construction of a vocational education system that integrates vocational and general education and industry and education. Improve the student internship and practice system. Guide and regulate the development of private education. Promote high-level educational openness, and encourage high-level foreign science and engineering universities to cooperate in running schools in China.

Optimize the allocation of regional education resources and establish a basic public education service supply mechanism that is coordinated with population changes. Improve the mechanism for promoting high-quality and balanced compulsory education and explore the gradual expansion of free education. Improve the guarantee mechanism for preschool education, special education and specialized education. Promote the digitalization of education, empower the construction of a learning society, and strengthen the guarantee of lifelong education.

(14) Deepen the reform of the science and technology system. Adhere to the world's scientific and technological frontiers, the main battlefield of the economy, the major needs of the country, and the people's life and health, optimize the organizational mechanism of major scientific and technological innovation, coordinate and strengthen the key core technology research, and promote the systematization, institutionalization and coordination of scientific and technological innovation forces, factor allocation, and talent team. Strengthen the construction of national strategic scientific and technological forces, improve the national laboratory system, optimize the positioning and layout of national scientific research institutions, high-level research universities, and leading scientific and technological enterprises, promote the coordination of scientific and technological innovation between the central and local governments, coordinate the construction of various scientific and technological innovation platforms, encourage and regulate the development of new R&D institutions, give play to the leading role of my country's super-large-scale market, strengthen the coordination of innovation resources and the organization of forces, and promote the integrated development of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation. Build a scientific and technological security risk monitoring, early warning and response system, and strengthen the independent guarantee of scientific and technological basic conditions. Improve the management system of scientific and technological associations. Expand international scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation, encourage the establishment of international scientific and technological organizations in China, and optimize the management mechanism of foreign professional exchanges and cooperation of universities, research institutes, and scientific and technological associations.

Improve the management of science and technology plans, strengthen the forward-looking and leading layout of basic research fields, cross-cutting frontier fields, and key fields. Strengthen organized basic research, increase the proportion of science and technology expenditures used for basic research, improve the basic research investment mechanism that combines competitive support with stable support, encourage qualified localities, enterprises, social organizations, and individuals to support basic research, support the diversification of basic research topics, and encourage high-risk and high-value basic research. Deepen the reform of the science and technology evaluation system, strengthen the governance of science and technology ethics, and strictly rectify academic misconduct.

Strengthen the leading role of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation, establish a mechanism to cultivate and expand leading scientific and technological enterprises, strengthen the deep integration of industry, academia and research led by enterprises, establish a corporate R&D reserve system, and support enterprises to take the initiative to lead or participate in national scientific and technological tasks. Build a mechanism to promote the development and growth of specialized, refined, special and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises. Encourage technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises to increase R&D investment and increase the proportion of additional deductions for R&D expenses. Encourage and guide universities and research institutes to license scientific and technological achievements to small and medium-sized enterprises in a pay-after-use manner.

Improve the allocation, management and use mechanism of central government science and technology funds, and improve the central government science and technology plan execution and professional institution management system. Expand the scope of the "lump-sum system" for fiscal research project funds, and give scientists greater decision-making power over technical routes, greater control over funds, and greater power to dispatch resources. Establish a non-consensus project screening mechanism recommended by experts in real name. Allow scientific research institutions to implement a more flexible management system than general institutions, and explore the implementation of enterprise management.

Deepen the reform of the mechanism for transforming scientific and technological achievements, strengthen the construction of the national technology transfer system, accelerate the layout and construction of a number of concept verification and pilot verification platforms, improve the application policies for the first unit (set), first batch, and first version, and increase the government's procurement of independent innovation products. Strengthen the construction of the technical manager team.

Allow scientific and technological personnel to have greater autonomy in the distribution of income from the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, establish a separate management system for the assets of official scientific and technological achievements, and deepen the reform of empowering official scientific and technological achievements. Deepen the income distribution reform of universities and research institutes. Allow more qualified state-owned enterprises to be guided by innovation and creation and carry out various forms of medium- and long-term incentives among scientific researchers.

Build a science and technology financial system that is compatible with scientific and technological innovation, strengthen financial support for major national scientific and technological tasks and science and technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises, and improve the support policy for long-term capital investment in early, small, long-term, and hard science and technology. Improve the risk dispersion mechanism for major technological breakthroughs and establish a science and technology insurance policy system. Improve the convenience of foreign capital in conducting equity investment and venture capital in China.

(15) Deepen the reform of the talent development system and mechanism. Implement more proactive, open and effective talent policies, improve the mechanism for independent talent cultivation, and accelerate the construction of a national high-level talent base and a platform for attracting and gathering talent. Accelerate the construction of national strategic talent forces, focus on cultivating strategic scientists, first-class scientific and technological leaders and innovation teams, focus on cultivating outstanding engineers, master craftsmen, and highly skilled talents, and improve the quality of all types of talents. Build a first-class team of industrial technical workers. Improve the mechanism for orderly flow of talents, promote the rational regional layout of talents, and deepen talent cooperation between the east, middle and west. Improve the mechanism for discovering, selecting and cultivating young innovative talents, and better protect the treatment of young scientific and technological personnel. Improve the system to ensure that scientific researchers can focus on scientific research.

Strengthen the talent incentive mechanism, persist in empowering employers and untying talents. Establish a talent evaluation system oriented towards innovation ability, quality, effectiveness and contribution. Open up talent exchange channels between universities, research institutes and enterprises. Improve the support and guarantee mechanism for overseas talent introduction and form a talent system with international competitiveness. Explore the establishment of an immigration system for high-tech talents.

V. Improve the macroeconomic governance system

Scientific macroeconomic regulation and effective government governance are the inherent requirements for leveraging the advantages of the socialist market economy system. We must improve the macroeconomic regulation system, coordinate and promote reforms in key areas such as finance and taxation, and enhance the consistency of macroeconomic policy orientation.

(16) Improve the national strategic planning system and policy coordination mechanism. Establish a national strategic formulation and implementation mechanism, strengthen the deep integration of major national strategies, and enhance the macro-guidance and coordination functions of national strategies. Improve the national economic and social development planning system, strengthen the planning connection and implementation mechanism, give full play to the strategic guidance role of national development planning, strengthen the basic role of national land space planning, and enhance the support role of special plans and regional plans in implementation. Improve the system of expert participation in public decision-making.

Focusing on the implementation of national development plans and major strategies, we will promote the coordinated efforts of fiscal, monetary, industrial, price, and employment policies, and optimize the allocation of various incremental resources and the adjustment of stock structures. We will explore the implementation of national macro-balance sheet management. We will include both economic and non-economic policies in the consistency assessment of macro-policy orientations. We will improve the expectation management mechanism. We will improve the statistical indicator accounting system that supports high-quality development, and strengthen the coverage of new economic and new fields. We will strengthen the statistical infrastructure of industrial activity units, optimize the statistical methods for headquarters and branches, and gradually promote statistics at the place where the activities of business entities occur. We will improve the international macro-policy coordination mechanism.

(17) Deepen fiscal and taxation system reform. Improve the budget system, strengthen the coordination of fiscal resources and budget, and include all income obtained through administrative power, government credit, and state-owned resources and assets into government budget management. Improve the state-owned capital operation budget and performance evaluation system, and strengthen the financial support for major national strategic tasks and basic people's livelihood. Strengthen macro-guidance on budget formulation and fiscal policy. Strengthen public service performance management and strengthen ex ante functional assessment. Deepen zero-based budget reform. Unify budget allocation rights, improve the uniformity and standardization of budget management, and improve the budget disclosure and supervision system. Improve the government comprehensive financial reporting system based on the accrual basis.

Improve the tax system that is conducive to high-quality development, social equity, and market unification, and optimize the tax structure. Study the tax system that is compatible with the new business model. Fully implement the principle of statutory taxation, standardize tax preferential policies, and improve the support mechanism for key areas and key links. Improve the direct tax system, improve the personal income tax system that combines comprehensive and classified taxes, standardize the tax policies for business income, capital income, and property income, and implement a unified taxation of labor income. Deepen the reform of tax collection and management.

Establish a central-local fiscal relationship with clear responsibilities and powers, coordinated financial resources, and regional balance. Increase local independent financial resources, expand local tax sources, and appropriately expand local tax management authority. Improve the fiscal transfer payment system, clean up and standardize special transfer payments, increase general transfer payments, and improve the degree of matching between municipal and county financial resources and power. Establish an incentive and constraint mechanism for transfer payments to promote high-quality development. Promote the backward shift of consumption tax collection links and steadily transfer them to local governments, improve the VAT refund policy and deduction chain, and optimize the sharing ratio of shared taxes. Study the merger of urban maintenance and construction tax, education surcharge, and local education surcharge into local surcharges, and authorize local governments to determine specific applicable tax rates within a certain range. Reasonably expand the scope of support for local government special bonds, and appropriately expand the fields, scale, and proportion of capital. Improve the government debt management system, establish a full-caliber local debt monitoring and supervision system and a long-term mechanism for preventing and resolving hidden debt risks, and accelerate the reform and transformation of local financing platforms. Standardize the management of non-tax revenue, appropriately transfer some non-tax revenue management authority to local governments, and let local governments manage them in a differentiated manner based on actual conditions.

Appropriately strengthen the power of the central government and increase the proportion of central fiscal expenditure. In principle, the central government will arrange expenditures for central fiscal power, and reduce the number of central fiscal powers entrusted to local governments. It is not allowed to require local governments to arrange matching funds in violation of regulations. If it is necessary to entrust local governments to exercise power, funds should be arranged through special transfer payments.

(18) Deepen financial system reform. Accelerate the improvement of the central bank system and smooth the monetary policy transmission mechanism. Actively develop science and technology finance, green finance, inclusive finance, pension finance, and digital finance, and strengthen high-quality financial services for major strategies, key areas, and weak links. Improve the positioning and governance of financial institutions, and improve the incentive and constraint mechanism for serving the real economy. Develop diversified equity financing, accelerate the development of a multi-level bond market, and increase the proportion of direct financing. Optimize the management system of state-owned financial capital.

Improve the function of the capital market that coordinates investment and financing, prevent risks, strengthen supervision, and promote the healthy and stable development of the capital market. Support the entry of long-term funds into the market. Improve the quality of listed companies, strengthen the supervision and delisting system of listed companies. Establish a long-term mechanism to enhance the inherent stability of the capital market. Improve the behavioral norms and constraints of major shareholders and actual controllers. Improve the incentive and constraint mechanism for dividends of listed companies. Improve the investor protection mechanism. Promote the docking of regional equity market rules and the unification of standards.

Formulate financial laws. Improve the financial regulatory system, bring all financial activities under supervision in accordance with the law, strengthen regulatory responsibilities and accountability systems, and strengthen coordination between central and local supervision. Build a safe and efficient financial infrastructure, unify the registration, custody, settlement and clearing rules and systems of the financial market, establish a hard constraint system for early correction of risks, and build a financial stability guarantee system that effectively prevents and controls systemic risks. Improve the mechanism for financial consumer protection and combating illegal financial activities, and build a "firewall" between industrial capital and financial capital. Promote high-level financial opening, steadily and prudently advance the internationalization of the RMB, and develop the RMB offshore market. Steadily advance the research and development and application of the digital RMB. Accelerate the construction of Shanghai International Financial Center.

Improve the management model of pre-entry national treatment plus negative list, and support qualified foreign institutions to participate in financial business pilots. Steadily and prudently expand financial market connectivity and optimize the qualified foreign investor system. Promote the construction of an independent and controllable cross-border payment system and strengthen the financial security mechanism under open conditions. Establish a unified full-caliber foreign debt supervision system. Actively participate in international financial governance.

(19) Improve the mechanism for implementing the regional coordinated development strategy. Build a regional economic layout and land space system with complementary advantages. Improve the institutional and policy system to promote the formation of a new pattern of western development, make new breakthroughs in the comprehensive revitalization of the northeast, accelerate the rise of the central region, and accelerate the modernization of the eastern region. Promote the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and other regions to better play the role of high-quality development power source, optimize the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the ecological protection of the Yellow River Basin and the high-quality development mechanism. Promote the construction of Xiongan New Area with high standards and high quality. Promote the construction of the Chengdu-Chongqing Twin Cities Economic Circle in depth and in a practical manner. Improve the system of main functional areas and strengthen the guarantee mechanism for the optimized development of land space. Improve the regional integrated development mechanism, build a new mechanism for cross-administrative region cooperation and development, and deepen industrial cooperation between the east, middle and west. Improve the institutional mechanism for promoting the development of the marine economy.

VI. Improve the system and mechanism for integrated urban and rural development

The integrated development of urban and rural areas is an inevitable requirement for China's modernization. It is necessary to coordinate new industrialization, new urbanization and comprehensive rural revitalization, comprehensively improve the integration of urban and rural planning, construction and governance, promote equal exchange and two-way flow of urban and rural factors, narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, and promote the common prosperity and development of urban and rural areas.

(20) Improve the institutional mechanisms for promoting new urbanization. Establish a virtuous interactive mechanism for industrial upgrading, population agglomeration and urban development. Promote the system of providing basic public services by the registered place of permanent residence, promote the equal rights of eligible rural migrant workers in social insurance, housing security, compulsory education for their children, etc. as the registered residents in the place where they move to, and accelerate the urbanization of rural migrant workers. Protect the legitimate land rights and interests of farmers who move to cities, safeguard their land contracting rights, housing land use rights and collective income distribution rights in accordance with the law, and explore ways to establish voluntary and paid withdrawal.

Adhere to the principle that the people build the city and the city belongs to the people. Improve the urban planning system, guide the coordinated development and intensive and compact layout of large, medium and small cities and towns. Deepen the reform of urban construction, operation and governance systems, and accelerate the transformation of urban development methods. Promote the formation of a new system of smart and efficient governance for super-large and mega-cities, and establish a system and mechanism for the integrated development of metropolitan areas. Deepen the reform of granting economic and social management rights to mega-towns that are commensurate with their population and economic scale. Establish a sustainable urban renewal model and policies and regulations, strengthen the construction of underground integrated pipeline corridors and the renovation and upgrading of old pipelines, and deepen the action to enhance urban safety and resilience.

(21) Consolidate and improve the basic rural management system. Promote the pilot program of extending the second round of land contracts for another 30 years after their expiration in an orderly manner, deepen the reform of the separation of ownership, contracting rights and management rights of contracted land, and develop moderate-scale agricultural operations. Improve the agricultural management system, improve the price formation mechanism for the transfer of contracted land management rights, promote cooperative management by farmers, and promote the linkage between supporting policies for new agricultural operators and driving farmers' income growth. Improve a convenient and efficient agricultural social service system. Develop a new type of rural collective economy, establish an operating mechanism with clear property rights and reasonable distribution, and give farmers more adequate property rights and interests.

(22) Improve the support system for strengthening, benefiting and enriching agriculture. Adhere to the priority development of agriculture and rural areas and improve the investment mechanism for rural revitalization. Strengthen county-level industries that enrich the people, build a diversified food supply system, and cultivate new industries and new formats in rural areas. Optimize the agricultural subsidy policy system and develop multi-level agricultural insurance. Improve the regular mechanism for preventing the return to poverty and poverty that covers the rural population, and establish a stratified and classified assistance system for low-income rural populations and underdeveloped areas. Improve the long-term management mechanism for assets formed by national investment in poverty alleviation. Use the experience of the "100 million yuan project" to improve the long-term mechanism for promoting the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas.

We will speed up the improvement of the mechanism to ensure the income of grain farmers, and promote the prices of grain and other important agricultural products to remain at a reasonable level. We will coordinate the establishment of a cross-provincial interest compensation mechanism for grain production and marketing areas, and take substantial steps in the compensation of interests in major production areas. We will coordinate the reform of the grain purchase and sale and reserve management system and mechanism, and establish a new supervision model. We will improve the long-term mechanism for grain and food conservation.

(23) Deepen land system reform. Reform and improve the balance system between occupation and compensation of cultivated land, bring all types of cultivated land occupation under unified management, improve the quality inspection mechanism for supplemented cultivated land, and ensure that the balance standard is met. Improve the construction, inspection, and management and protection mechanism for high-standard farmland. Improve the management system to ensure that cultivated land is used for planting basic crops. Allow farmers to revitalize and utilize their legally owned houses through leasing, equity investment, cooperation, etc. Promote the reform of rural collective commercial construction land entering the market in an orderly manner, and improve the land value-added income distribution mechanism.

Optimize land management, improve the land management system that is efficiently connected with macro policies and regional development, give priority to ensuring the reasonable use of land for leading industries and major projects, and give advantageous regions greater development space. Establish a coordination mechanism between the allocation of new urban construction land quotas and the increase in permanent population. Explore the implementation of the balance mechanism of occupation and compensation for the targeted use of national centralized reclamation of cultivated land for specific projects and regions. Optimize the use of urban industrial and commercial land, accelerate the development of the secondary market for construction land, promote mixed development and utilization of land, and reasonable conversion of use, and revitalize stock land and inefficient land. Carry out special governance of land use in various industrial parks. Formulate policies for the extension and renewal of industrial and commercial land use rights after expiration.

VII. Improve the system and mechanism of high-level opening-up

Opening up is a distinctive feature of China's modernization. We must adhere to the basic national policy of opening up to the outside world, promote reform through opening up, rely on the advantages of my country's super-large market, enhance the ability to open up in expanding international cooperation, and build a new open economic system with a higher level.

(24) Steadily expand institutional opening-up. Actively align with international high-standard economic and trade rules, achieve interoperability and compatibility of rules, regulations, management and standards in areas such as property rights protection, industrial subsidies, environmental standards, labor protection, government procurement, e-commerce, and finance, and create a transparent, stable and predictable institutional environment. Expand voluntary opening-up, orderly expand the opening-up of my country's commodity market, service market, capital market, labor market, etc., and expand unilateral opening-up to the least developed countries. Deepen the reform of foreign aid systems and mechanisms, and achieve full-chain management.

Maintain the multilateral trading system with the World Trade Organization at its core, actively participate in the reform of the global economic governance system, and provide more global public goods. Expand the global network of high-standard free trade zones, establish a compliance mechanism that is connected with internationally accepted rules, and optimize the environment for open cooperation.

(25) Deepen foreign trade system reform. Strengthen the coordination of trade policies and fiscal, taxation, financial and industrial policies, build a system of institutional support and policy support for a strong trading nation, accelerate the reform of domestic and foreign trade integration, and actively respond to the trend of digitalization and greening of trade. Promote innovation in customs clearance, taxation, foreign exchange and other regulatory aspects, and create an institutional environment conducive to the development of new business forms and models. Innovate and develop digital trade, and promote the construction of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zones. Build a commodity trading center and a global distribution center, support various entities in orderly layout of overseas circulation facilities, and support qualified regions in building international logistics hubs and commodity resource allocation hubs. Improve the trade risk prevention and control mechanism, and improve the export control system and trade remedy system.

We will innovate and enhance trade in services, fully implement the negative list for cross-border trade in services, promote comprehensive pilot demonstrations for expanding the opening up of the service industry, and encourage professional service agencies to enhance their international service capabilities. We will accelerate the development of offshore trade and develop new offshore international trade businesses. We will establish and improve a cross-border financial service system and enrich the supply of financial products and services.

(26) Deepen the reform of the foreign investment and outbound investment management system. Create a market-oriented, law-based and internationalized first-class business environment, and protect the rights and interests of foreign investors in accordance with the law. Expand the catalogue of industries that encourage foreign investment, reasonably reduce the negative list of foreign investment access, implement the complete abolition of restrictions on foreign investment access in the manufacturing sector, and promote orderly opening up in the fields of telecommunications, the Internet, education, culture, and medical care. Deepen the reform of the foreign investment promotion system and mechanism, guarantee the national treatment of foreign-invested enterprises in terms of factor acquisition, qualification licensing, standard setting, government procurement, etc., and support their participation in upstream and downstream supporting cooperation in the industrial chain. Improve the living convenience system for overseas residents to enter the country, such as residence, medical care, and payment. Improve the system and mechanism to promote and protect outbound investment, improve the outbound investment management service system, and promote international cooperation in the industrial chain and supply chain.

(27) Optimize the regional opening-up layout. Consolidate the leading position of the eastern coastal areas in opening-up, improve the level of opening-up in the central, western and northeastern regions, and accelerate the formation of a comprehensive opening-up pattern that links land and sea, domestic and foreign, and east and west. Give full play to the advantages of coastal, border, riverside and transportation arterial areas, optimize the division of regional opening-up functions, and create a diverse open highland. Implement the free trade pilot zone upgrading strategy and encourage pioneering and integrated exploration. Accelerate the construction of the Hainan Free Trade Port.

We will give full play to the institutional advantages of "one country, two systems", consolidate and enhance Hong Kong's status as an international financial, shipping and trade center, support Hong Kong and Macao in building a highland for the gathering of international high-end talents, and improve the mechanism for Hong Kong and Macao to play a better role in the country's opening up. We will deepen cooperation in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, strengthen the connection of rules and the docking of mechanisms. We will improve the system and policies to promote economic and cultural exchanges and cooperation across the Taiwan Strait, and deepen the integration and development of the two sides of the Taiwan Strait.

(28) Improve and promote the high-quality joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative. Continue to implement the Belt and Road Initiative Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan, and strengthen the construction of multilateral cooperation platforms in the fields of green development, digital economy, artificial intelligence, energy, taxation, finance, disaster reduction, etc. Improve the integrated layout of land, sea, and air networks, and build a three-dimensional interconnected network for the Belt and Road Initiative. Coordinate the promotion of major landmark projects and "small but beautiful" livelihood projects.

8. Improve the system of people's democracy throughout the whole process

The development of people's democracy throughout the process is an essential requirement for China's modernization. We must unswervingly follow the path of socialist political development with Chinese characteristics, adhere to and improve our country's fundamental political system, basic political system, and important political system, enrich democratic forms at all levels, and concretely and realistically reflect the people's mastery of their own affairs in all aspects of national political and social life.

(29) Strengthen the establishment of the system of people's sovereignty. We will uphold, improve and operate the people's congress system. We will improve the people's congress supervision system over administrative organs, supervisory organs, judicial organs and procuratorial organs, improve the supervision law and its implementation mechanism, and strengthen the people's congress's review and supervision of budget and final accounts, and the supervision of state-owned assets and government debt management. We will improve the people's congress's rules of procedure and the system of argumentation, evaluation, review and hearing. We will enrich the content and forms of people's congress deputies' contact with the people. We will improve the working mechanism for absorbing public opinion and gathering public wisdom. We will give full play to the role of mass organizations such as trade unions, the Communist Youth League and the Women's Federation as bridges and links in contacting and serving the people.

(30) Improve the consultative democracy mechanism. Give full play to the role of the CPPCC as a specialized consultative body, improve the mechanism for in-depth consultation and interaction, full expression of opinions, and broad consensus building, and strengthen the construction of the mechanism for the CPPCC to reflect public sentiment, connect with the masses, and serve the people. Improve the democratic supervision mechanism of the CPPCC.

Improve the consultative democracy system, enrich the consultation methods, improve the institutionalized platform for consultation among political parties, people's congresses, governments, CPPCC, people's groups, grassroots organizations and social organizations, and strengthen the coordination and cooperation among various consultation channels. Improve the implementation mechanism of consultation before decision-making and during decision-making implementation, and improve the mechanism for adopting, implementing and giving feedback on the results of consultation.

(31) Improve grassroots democratic systems. Improve grassroots mass self-governance mechanisms led by grassroots Party organizations, improve grassroots democratic systems and work systems, and broaden channels for various grassroots organizations and the public to participate in grassroots governance in an orderly manner. Improve the system of public affairs. Improve the democratic management system of enterprises and institutions with workers' congresses as the basic form, and improve effective forms of enterprise workers' participation in management.

(32) Improve the overall United Front work structure. Improve the policy measures to give full play to the United Front's role in rallying people's hearts and gathering strength. Uphold, develop and improve China's new party system. Give better play to the role of non-Party personages and improve the system for building a team of non-Party representative personages. Formulate a law to promote ethnic unity and progress, improve the system and mechanism for building a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, and enhance the cohesion of the Chinese nation. Systematically promote the sinicization of religion in China and strengthen the rule of law in the governance of religious affairs. Improve the political guidance mechanism for non-Party intellectuals and new social strata. Comprehensively build a close and clean relationship between government and business, and improve the work mechanism to promote the healthy development of the non-public economy and the healthy growth of non-public economic personages. Improve the work mechanism for Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and overseas Chinese affairs.

IX. Improve the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics

The rule of law is an important guarantee for China's modernization. We must fully implement the Constitution, safeguard its authority, coordinate reforms in legislation, law enforcement, justice, and law-abiding, improve mechanisms to ensure that everyone is equal before the law, promote the spirit of socialist rule of law, safeguard social fairness and justice, and comprehensively promote the rule of law in all aspects of national work.

(33) Deepen reform in the legislative field. Improve the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, with the Constitution at its core, improve the system of institutions to ensure the full implementation of the Constitution, and establish a reporting system for the implementation of the Constitution. Improve the legislative work structure with the Party committee leading, the National People's Congress taking the lead, the government supporting, and all parties participating. Coordinate the formulation, revision, abolition, interpretation and compilation of laws, strengthen legislation in key areas, emerging areas, and foreign-related areas, improve the constitutionality review and filing review system, and improve the quality of legislation. Explore regional collaborative legislation. Improve the coordination mechanism between Party regulations and national laws and regulations. Build a unified national information platform for laws, regulations and normative documents.

(34) Deepen the promotion of law-based administration. Promote the legalization of government agencies, functions, powers, procedures and responsibilities, promote the standardization, regularization and convenience of government services, and improve the integrated online government service platform covering the whole country. Improve the legality review mechanism for major decisions and normative documents. Strengthen government legislative review. Deepen the reform of the administrative law enforcement system, improve the grassroots comprehensive law enforcement system and mechanism, and improve the administrative law enforcement supervision system and mechanism. Improve the benchmark system for administrative discretion in areas such as administrative penalties, and promote cross-regional coordination of administrative law enforcement standards. Improve the two-way coordination system between administrative penalties and criminal penalties. Improve the administrative reconsideration system and mechanism. Improve the administrative adjudication system. Improve the vertical management system and the local hierarchical management system, and improve the vertical management institutions and local coordination and cooperation mechanism. Steadily promote the optimization of institutions in small counties with small populations. Deepen the reform of the development zone management system. Optimize the structure and layout of public institutions and strengthen their public welfare nature.

(35) Improve the system and mechanism for fair law enforcement and justice. Improve the system and mechanism for the supervision organs, public security organs, procuratorates, courts and judicial administrative organs to perform their respective duties, and for the supervision, investigation, prosecution, trial and enforcement powers to cooperate and restrict each other, so as to ensure that all links and processes of law enforcement and justice are operated under effective supervision. Deepen the reform of separating the judicial power from the enforcement power, improve the national enforcement system, and strengthen the supervision of the parties, the procuratorates and the public over the enforcement activities. Improve the law enforcement and judicial relief and protection system, and improve the state compensation system. Deepen and standardize judicial openness, implement and improve the judicial responsibility system. Standardize the establishment of specialized courts. Deepen the reform of administrative case jurisdiction by level, centralized jurisdiction and jurisdiction in different places. Build a coordinated and efficient police system and mechanism, promote the reform of the organization and establishment management of local public security organs, and continue to promote the reform of the management system of civil aviation public security organs and customs anti-smuggling departments. Standardize the management system of police auxiliary personnel.

Adhere to the correct concept of human rights, strengthen the judicial protection of human rights law enforcement, improve the working mechanisms of prior review, in-process supervision, and post-event correction, improve the system of compulsory measures involving citizens' personal rights and compulsory measures such as sealing, seizure, and freezing, and investigate and punish criminal acts such as abuse of power for personal gain, illegal detention, and torture in accordance with the law. Promote full coverage of lawyer defense in criminal cases. Establish a system for sealing records of minor crimes.

(36) Improve the mechanism for promoting the construction of a society ruled by law. Improve the public legal service system covering both urban and rural areas, and deepen the reform of the lawyer system, notary system, arbitration system, mediation system, and judicial appraisal management system. Improve legal publicity and education, and improve the practice-oriented education and training mechanism of law schools. Strengthen and improve the protection of the rights and interests of minors, strengthen the prevention and control of juvenile delinquency, and formulate special correctional education regulations.

(37) Strengthen the rule of law in foreign-related matters. Establish a working mechanism to promote legislation, law enforcement, judicial practice, law-abiding and legal services, and legal talent cultivation in foreign-related matters. Improve the legal and regulatory system and legal implementation system for foreign-related matters, and deepen international law enforcement and judicial cooperation. Improve the judicial trial system in which parties in foreign-related civil legal relations agree on jurisdiction and choose to apply foreign law. Improve the international commercial arbitration and mediation system, and cultivate world-class arbitration institutions and law firms. Actively participate in the formulation of international rules.

10. Deepen the reform of cultural systems and mechanisms

Chinese-style modernization is a modernization that coordinates material and spiritual civilization. We must enhance cultural confidence, develop advanced socialist culture, promote revolutionary culture, inherit the fine traditional Chinese culture, accelerate adaptation to the new situation of rapid development of information technology, cultivate and form a large-scale team of outstanding cultural talents, and stimulate the cultural innovation and creativity of the whole nation.

(38) Improve the responsibility system for ideological work. Improve the work system of using the Party's innovative theories to arm the whole Party, educate the people and guide practice, improve the study system of the Party committee (Party group)'s theoretical study center group, and improve the ideological and political work system. Innovate the Marxist theory research and construction project, implement the philosophy and social sciences innovation project, and build an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences. Improve the press spokesperson system. Build a work mechanism and evaluation system that adapts to the production and dissemination of all media, and promote systematic reforms of mainstream media. Improve the public opinion guidance mechanism and the public opinion response coordination mechanism.

Promote the normalization and institutionalization of education on ideals and beliefs. Improve the institutional mechanisms for cultivating and practicing the core socialist values. Improve and innovate the working mechanisms for cultivating, practicing and creating civilization. Implement the civilized rural style construction project. Optimize the publicity and learning mechanism for heroes and models, innovate the organization mechanism for patriotism education and various mass theme activities, and promote the whole society to respect heroes, cherish the memory of martyrs, and strive to be pioneers. Build a system for the inheritance of traditional Chinese virtues, improve the system and mechanism for the construction of social morality, professional ethics, family virtues, and personal morality, improve the long-term mechanism for the construction of integrity, educate and guide the whole society to consciously abide by the law, follow public order and good customs, and resolutely oppose materialism, hedonism, extreme individualism and historical nihilism. Form a segmented and precise implementation mechanism for online ideological and moral education. Establish and improve a coordinated governance mechanism for prominent issues in the moral field, and improve the long-term mechanism for "cracking down on pornography and illegal publications."

(39) Optimize the supply mechanism of cultural services and cultural products. Improve the public cultural service system, establish a mechanism for high-quality cultural resources to reach the grassroots, improve the mechanism for social forces to participate in public cultural services, and promote the reform of the separation of ownership and use rights of public cultural facilities. Deepen the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises in the cultural field, promote the deepening of internal reforms of cultural institutions in a classified manner, and improve the construction and development mechanism of art institutions.

Adhere to the people-centered creative orientation, adhere to the combination of producing results and talents, and the integration of focusing on works and the environment, and improve the service, guidance, and organization work mechanism of literary and artistic creation and production. Improve the cultural industry system and market system, and improve cultural and economic policies. Explore effective mechanisms for the integration of culture and technology, and accelerate the development of new cultural formats. Deepen the reform of the administrative approval and filing system in the cultural field, and strengthen supervision during and after the event. Deepen comprehensive governance in the field of culture and entertainment.

Establish a coordination organization for the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage, establish a cultural heritage protection supervision system, and promote the systematic protection and unified supervision of cultural heritage. Build a Chinese civilization identification system. Improve the system and mechanism for the in-depth integration and development of culture and tourism. Improve the public service system for national fitness, and reform and improve the management system and operation mechanism of competitive sports.

(40) Improve the comprehensive network governance system. Deepen the reform of the network management system, integrate the functions of network content construction and management, and promote the integrated management of news propaganda and online public opinion. Improve the development and management mechanism of generative artificial intelligence. Strengthen the rule of law in cyberspace, improve the long-term mechanism for network ecological governance, and improve the work system for protecting minors online.

(41) Build a more effective international communication system. Promote the reconstruction of the international communication pattern, deepen the reform and innovation of the international communication mechanism of mainstream media, and accelerate the construction of a multi-channel and three-dimensional external communication pattern. Accelerate the construction of a Chinese discourse and Chinese narrative system, and comprehensively improve the effectiveness of international communication. Build a mechanism for implementing the Global Civilization Initiative. Promote the facilitation of management of going out and inviting in, and expand international cultural exchanges and cooperation.

11. Improve the system for protecting and improving people's livelihood

To ensure and improve people's livelihood in the process of development is a major task of China's modernization. We must persist in doing our best and acting within our means, improve the basic public service system, strengthen the construction of inclusive, basic and basic livelihood, solve the most direct and practical interests that the people are most concerned about, and constantly meet the people's yearning for a better life.

(42) Improve the income distribution system. Build a coordinated system of primary distribution, redistribution and tertiary distribution, increase the proportion of residents' income in the national income distribution, and increase the proportion of labor remuneration in the primary distribution. Improve the mechanism for determining, reasonably increasing and ensuring the payment of workers' wages, and improve the policy system for distribution based on factors. Improve the redistribution adjustment mechanism such as taxation, social security and transfer payments. Support the development of public welfare and charity.

Standardize the income distribution order, standardize the wealth accumulation mechanism, increase the property income of urban and rural residents through multiple channels, and form a system that effectively increases the income of low-income groups, steadily expands the size of the middle-income group, and reasonably regulates excessive income. Deepen the reform of the wage determination mechanism of state-owned enterprises, reasonably determine and strictly regulate the remuneration, allowances and subsidies of heads of state-owned enterprises at all levels.

(43) Improve employment priority policies. Improve mechanisms to promote high-quality and full employment, improve the employment public service system, and focus on resolving structural employment contradictions. Improve the employment support system for key groups such as college graduates, migrant workers, and retired soldiers, and improve the lifelong vocational skills training system. Coordinate the urban and rural employment policy systems, simultaneously advance reforms in household registration, employment, and archives services, optimize the policy environment for entrepreneurship and employment, and support and regulate the development of new employment forms. Improve institutional mechanisms to promote equal opportunities and smooth the channels for social mobility. Improve labor relations consultation and coordination mechanisms and strengthen the protection of workers' rights and interests.

(44) Improve the social security system. Improve the national unified system of basic pension insurance and improve the unified national social security public service platform. Improve the social security fund value preservation and appreciation and safety supervision system. Improve the financing and reasonable adjustment mechanism of basic pension and basic medical insurance, and gradually increase the basic pension of urban and rural residents' basic pension insurance. Improve the social security system for flexible employment, migrant workers and new employment forms, expand the coverage of unemployment, work-related injury and maternity insurance, completely remove the restrictions on household registration in the place of employment, and improve the policy of social security relationship transfer and continuation. Accelerate the development of a multi-level and multi-pillar pension insurance system, expand the coverage of the annuity system, and promote the individual pension system. Give full play to the role of various types of commercial insurance in supplementary protection. Promote provincial-level unified basic medical insurance, deepen the reform of medical insurance payment methods, improve the major disease insurance and medical assistance system, and strengthen the supervision of medical insurance funds. Improve the social assistance system. Improve the system to protect the legitimate rights and interests of women and children. Improve the social security system and care service system for the disabled.

Accelerate the establishment of a housing system that promotes both renting and purchasing, and accelerate the construction of a new model for real estate development. Increase the construction and supply of affordable housing to meet the rigid housing needs of the working class. Support the diversified housing needs of urban and rural residents. Fully empower city governments to regulate the real estate market, formulate policies based on the city, and allow relevant cities to cancel or reduce housing purchase restrictions and cancel the standards for ordinary and non-ordinary residences. Reform the financing methods for real estate development and the pre-sale system for commercial housing. Improve the real estate tax system.

(45) Deepen reform of the medical and health system. Implement the strategy of giving priority to health development, improve the public health system, promote social co-governance, medical and preventive coordination, and medical and preventive integration, and strengthen capabilities in monitoring and early warning, risk assessment, epidemiological investigation, testing and inspection, emergency response, and medical treatment. Promote the coordinated development and governance of medical care, medical insurance, and medicine. Promote the expansion and transfer of high-quality medical resources to lower levels and their balanced regional distribution, accelerate the construction of a tiered diagnosis and treatment system, promote the construction of close-knit medical alliances, and strengthen primary medical and health services. Deepen the reform of public hospitals oriented towards public welfare, establish a charging mechanism dominated by medical services, improve the salary system, and establish a dynamic adjustment mechanism for staffing. Guide and regulate the development of private hospitals. Innovate medical and health supervision methods. Improve the mechanism to support the development of innovative drugs and medical devices, and improve the mechanism for the inheritance and innovative development of traditional Chinese medicine.

(46) Improve the support and service system for population development. Improve the population development strategy with a focus on coping with an aging population and a declining birthrate, improve the population service system that covers the entire population and the entire life cycle, and promote high-quality population development. Improve the policy system and incentive mechanism for supporting fertility, and promote the building of a fertility-friendly society. Effectively reduce the costs of childbirth, raising children, and educating children, improve the maternity leave system, establish a fertility subsidy system, improve the level of basic fertility and child medical public services, and increase personal income tax deductions. Strengthen the construction of a universal childcare service system, and support the development of multiple models such as employer-run childcare, community-embedded childcare, and family childcare centers. Understand the objective laws of population mobility, promote relevant public services to follow people, and promote the rational aggregation and orderly mobility of urban and rural and regional populations.

Actively respond to the aging of the population and improve the policy mechanism for the development of the elderly care industry. Develop the silver economy and create diversified and personalized jobs suitable for the elderly. In accordance with the principles of voluntariness and flexibility, steadily and orderly promote the gradual delay of the statutory retirement age reform. Optimize the supply of basic elderly care services, cultivate community elderly care service institutions, improve the operating mechanism of public elderly care institutions, encourage and guide enterprises and other social forces to actively participate, promote mutual elderly care services, and promote the integration of medical care and elderly care. Accelerate the filling of the gaps in rural elderly care services. Improve services for elderly people with special difficulties such as widows, widows, and the disabled, and accelerate the establishment of a long-term care insurance system.

12. Deepen the reform of the ecological civilization system

China's modernization is a modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature. We must improve the system of ecological civilization, coordinate efforts to reduce carbon emissions, reduce pollution, expand green areas, and increase growth, actively respond to climate change, and accelerate the improvement of the system and mechanism for implementing the concept that green mountains and clear waters are gold and silver mountains.

(47) Improve the basic system of ecological civilization. Implement a regional, differentiated and precisely controlled ecological environment management system, and improve the ecological environment monitoring and evaluation system. Establish and improve a unified and coordinated land use control and planning permit system that covers all types of land and space in the entire region. Improve the natural resource asset property rights system and management system, improve the agency mechanism for the ownership of natural resource assets owned by the whole people, and establish a responsibility assessment and supervision system for ecological environment protection, natural resource protection and utilization, and asset value preservation and appreciation. Improve the national ecological security work coordination mechanism. Compile an ecological environment code.

(48) Improve the ecological and environmental governance system. Promote the construction of the ecological and environmental governance responsibility system, supervision system, market system, and legal and regulatory system. Improve the institutional mechanisms for precise, scientific and legal pollution control, implement the fixed pollution source supervision system with the pollutant emission permit system as the core, establish a coordinated governance system for new pollutants and environmental risk management, and promote the coordinated reduction of multiple pollutants. Deepen the reform of the environmental information disclosure system in accordance with the law and build an environmental credit supervision system. Promote the construction of an ecological and environmental governance system that connects upstream and downstream in important river basins. Comprehensively promote the construction of a natural conservation area system with national parks as the main body.

Implement the ecological protection red line management system, improve the integrated protection and system governance mechanism of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands and deserts, and build a diversified ecological protection and restoration investment mechanism. Implement the rigid constraint system for water resources and comprehensively promote the reform of water resource fees into taxes. Strengthen the coordination mechanism for biodiversity protection. Improve the marine resource development and protection system. Improve the mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products. Deepen the reform of the system for paid use of natural resources. Promote comprehensive ecological compensation, improve the horizontal ecological protection compensation mechanism, and coordinate the promotion of compensation for ecological environmental damage.

(49) Improve the mechanism for green and low-carbon development. Implement fiscal, taxation, financial, investment, and pricing policies and standards systems that support green and low-carbon development, develop green and low-carbon industries, improve incentive mechanisms for green consumption, and promote the construction of a green, low-carbon, circular economic system. Optimize government green procurement policies and improve the green tax system. Improve the system for total resource management and comprehensive conservation, and improve the waste recycling system. Improve the mechanism for clean and efficient use of coal. Accelerate the planning and construction of a new energy system, and improve policies and measures for the absorption and regulation of new energy. Improve the work system for adapting to climate change. Establish a new mechanism for the comprehensive transformation from dual control of energy consumption to dual control of carbon emissions. Establish a carbon emission statistical accounting system, a product carbon labeling certification system, and a product carbon footprint management system. Improve the carbon market trading system and the voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction trading system, and actively and steadily promote carbon peak and carbon neutrality.

13. Advancing the Modernization of National Security Systems and Capabilities

National security is an important foundation for the steady and long-term development of China's modernization. We must fully implement the overall national security concept, improve the system and mechanism for maintaining national security, achieve a benign interaction between high-quality development and high-level security, and effectively ensure the long-term stability of the country.

(50) Improve the national security system. Strengthen the coordination mechanism for national security work, improve the national security legal system, strategic system, policy system, and risk monitoring and early warning system, and improve the security guarantee system in key areas and the coordination and command system for important projects. Build a coordinated and efficient national security protection system and promote the scientific and technological empowerment of national security.

(51) Improve the public security governance mechanism. Improve the system for handling major public emergencies, improve the emergency command mechanism under the framework of major safety and emergency response, strengthen the grassroots emergency foundation and force, and improve the disaster prevention, mitigation and relief capabilities. Improve the mechanism for investigating and rectifying production safety risks and tracing responsibilities. Improve the food and drug safety responsibility system. Improve the biosafety supervision, early warning and prevention and control system. Strengthen the construction of the network security system and establish an artificial intelligence safety supervision system.

(52) Improve the social governance system. Adhere to and develop the “Fengqiao Experience” in the new era, improve the grassroots governance system in urban and rural areas that combines self-governance, rule of law and rule of virtue under the leadership of the Party organizations, and improve the social governance system of co-construction, co-governance and sharing. Explore the establishment of a unified population management system across the country. Improve the social work system and mechanism, strengthen Party building to lead grassroots governance, strengthen the construction of the social worker team, and promote the construction of a volunteer service system. Promote the legalization of petition work. Improve the city's social governance capacity, strengthen the functions of public service platforms such as citizen hotlines, and improve the management mechanism and regular promotion mechanism of the key items list of "efficiently completing one thing". Improve the social psychological service system and crisis intervention mechanism. Improve the mechanism for giving full play to the role of family education and family tradition in grassroots governance. Deepen the reform of industry associations and chambers of commerce. Improve the management system of social organizations.

Improve the system that matches the responsibilities, powers and resources of towns (sub-districts), and strengthen the service and management capabilities of towns (sub-districts). Improve the overall prevention and control system of social security, improve the regular mechanism of cracking down on gangsters and eliminating evil, and severely punish illegal and criminal activities that the masses strongly complain about in accordance with the law.

(53) Improve the national security mechanism involving foreign countries. Establish and improve the coordination mechanism for peripheral security work. Strengthen the system and mechanism for early warning, prevention and control, and protection of overseas interests and investment risks, deepen international law enforcement cooperation in the field of security, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese citizens and legal persons overseas. Improve the mechanism for countering sanctions, interference, and “long-arm jurisdiction”. Improve the mechanism for safeguarding maritime rights and interests. Improve the mechanism for participating in global security governance.

14. Continue to Deepen Defense and Military Reform

The modernization of national defense and the military is an important part of China's modernization. We must uphold the Party's absolute leadership over the people's army, implement the strategy of reform and strengthening the army in depth, and provide a strong guarantee for achieving the goal of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the army as scheduled and basically realizing the modernization of national defense and the military.

(54) Improve the leadership and management system and mechanism of the People's Army. Improve the institutional mechanism for implementing the system of responsibility of the Chairman of the CMC, and deepen the political construction of the army. Optimize the functional configuration of the CMC organs and departments, improve the mechanism for coordinating and promoting combat, construction and readiness, improve the consultation and evaluation mechanism for major decisions, deepen strategic management innovation, and improve the military governance system. Improve the working mechanism for governing the army in accordance with the law. Improve supporting policies and systems in the fields of combat, readiness, and military human resources. Deepen the reform of military academies and promote their connotation-oriented development. Implement the adjustment and reform of military enterprises and institutions.

(55) Deepen the reform of the joint combat system. Improve the functions of the CMC Joint Combat Command Center, improve the command function in major security areas, and establish a coordinated operation mechanism with the central and state organs. Optimize the organization of the theater joint combat command center and improve the joint combat command organization model of the task force. Strengthen the overall planning of the construction and use of the network information system. Build a new structure of the military services, accelerate the development of strategic deterrence forces, vigorously develop new domains and new types of combat forces, and coordinate and strengthen the construction of traditional combat forces. Optimize the force composition of the armed police force.

(56) Deepen cross-military and local reforms. Improve the integrated national strategic system and capacity building work mechanism, and improve the decision-making and coordination system and mechanism for military-related matters. Improve the mechanism for reporting military needs for national defense construction and the military-local connection mechanism, and improve the national defense mobilization system. Deepen the reform of the defense science and technology industry system, optimize the layout of the defense science and technology industry, improve the weapons and equipment procurement system, establish a military product design feedback mechanism, and build a modern weapons and equipment management system. Improve the coordination mechanism for military and local standardization work. Strengthen the construction and management coordination in the fields of aerospace and military trade. Optimize the leadership and management system and mechanism for border and coastal defense, and improve the mechanism for joint border management by the Party, government, military, police and civilians. Deepen the reform of the militia system. Improve the work mechanism for supporting both the army and the people.

15. Improving the Party’s leadership in further deepening reform and promoting Chinese-style modernization

The leadership of the Party is the fundamental guarantee for further deepening reform and promoting Chinese-style modernization. We must deeply understand the decisive significance of the "two establishments", strengthen the "four consciousnesses", strengthen the "four self-confidences", and achieve the "two safeguards", maintain a high degree of consciousness in leading the social revolution with the Party's self-revolution, persist in governing the Party with the spirit of reform and strict standards, improve the Party's self-revolution system and norms, and constantly promote the Party's self-purification, self-improvement, self-innovation, and self-improvement, to ensure that the Party always remains the strong leadership core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

(57) Adhere to the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee in further deepening reform in an all-round way. The Party Central Committee leads the overall design, overall coordination and overall promotion of reform. Improve the implementation mechanism of the Party Central Committee's major decisions and arrangements to ensure that the Party Central Committee's orders are carried out. Party committees (leading party groups) at all levels are responsible for implementing the decisions and arrangements of the Party Central Committee, planning and promoting reforms in their respective regions and departments, and encouraging innovation in light of actual conditions to create new experiences that can be replicated and promoted. Follow the Party's mass line in the new era and fully incorporate social expectations, mass wisdom, expert opinions and grassroots experience into the design of reforms. Set reform topics around solving prominent contradictions, optimize the mechanism for generating key reform plans, uphold truth, correct mistakes, and promptly identify problems and correct deviations. Improve the reform incentive and public opinion guidance mechanism to create a good reform atmosphere.

(58) Deepen the reform of the Party building system. Focus on mobilizing the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of the whole Party in carrying out reform and promoting development, and improve the Party building system and mechanism. Strengthen the Party's innovative theoretical armament, and establish and improve a long-term mechanism for learning to shape the soul, increase wisdom, correct conduct and promote work. Deepen the reform of the cadre and personnel system, clearly establish the correct orientation for selecting and employing personnel, vigorously select cadres who are politically strong, dare to take responsibility, are determined to reform, have outstanding achievements and are honest and upright, and strive to solve the problems of cadres acting recklessly, not acting, not daring to act and not being good at acting. Establish and practice the correct view of political achievements, and improve the effective work mechanism to prevent and correct deviations in the view of political achievements. Implement the "three distinctions" to encourage cadres to be pioneering and enterprising, and do things and start businesses. Promote the normalization of the ability of leading cadres to be promoted or demoted, and increase the efforts to adjust cadres who are not suitable for their current positions. Improve the regular training mechanism, especially the basic training mechanism, strengthen professional training and practical training, and comprehensively improve the ability of cadres to build modernization. Improve and implement the term system for leading cadres, and improve the system for the change and handover of the main leaders of the leadership team. Strengthen the political and organizational functions of the Party organizations. Explore effective ways to strengthen the Party building of new economic organizations, new social organizations, and new employment groups. Improve the education and management of Party members and the mechanism for their role. Improve the Party's internal regulations and enhance their authority and enforcement.

(59) Deepen the Party's work on building a clean and honest government and fighting corruption. Improve the mechanism for making political supervision more specific, precise and regular. Persevere in implementing the spirit of the Central Committee's eight-point regulations and improve the system and mechanism for preventing and treating formalism and bureaucracy. Continue to streamline and standardize meeting documents and various activities such as creating demonstrations, evaluating and reaching standards, festivals, exhibitions and forums. Strictly control the total amount of supervision, inspection and assessment at the grassroots level, improve the quality of research, and make great efforts to solve the problem of excessive frequency and complexity. Formulate a list of responsibilities for townships (sub-districts) to perform and improve the long-term mechanism for reducing the burden on the grassroots. Establish a discipline education mechanism that combines regular and centralized activities, deepen the use of the "four forms" of supervision and discipline enforcement, and give full play to the restraining, guarantee and incentive role of the Party's discipline education.

Improve the working mechanism to promote the "dare not, cannot and do not want to" corruption, and strive to eradicate the soil and conditions for corruption. Improve the mechanism for investigating and addressing unhealthy practices and corruption, deepen the rectification of corruption in areas with concentrated power, intensive capital and rich resources, severely investigate and deal with the problem of collusion between government and business that undermines the political ecology and economic development environment, improve the joint punishment mechanism for key bribers, and enrich the effective methods for preventing and controlling new types of corruption and hidden corruption. Strengthen the governance of false accusations. Improve the mechanism for chasing, preventing and recovering fugitives. Strengthen the construction of a clean culture in the new era.

Improve the supervision system of the Party and the state. Strengthen the main responsibility and supervision responsibility for comprehensively and strictly governing the Party. Improve and strengthen the supporting system for supervision of the "top leaders" and the leadership team. Improve the power allocation and operation constraint mechanism, and oppose the idea of ​​privilege and the phenomenon of privilege. Promote the organic connection between discipline enforcement and criminal justice. Improve the system and mechanism of inspection and supervision. Optimize the functions of supervision and inspection and review and investigation institutions, improve the discipline inspection and supervision system of vertically managed units, and promote the full deployment of discipline inspection and supervision teams to centrally managed enterprises. Deepen the reform of the grassroots supervision system and mechanism. Promote national legislation against corruption, amend the Supervision Law, and introduce the Anti-cross-border Corruption Law.

(60) Implement reforms with a determined spirit. The whole Party must implement the decisions and arrangements of the Party Central Committee to further deepen reforms in an all-round way in a pragmatic and courageous manner. We must adhere to the principle of coordination between the top and the bottom and the integration of departments and regions. We must scientifically formulate reform tasks, timetables and priorities, clarify the implementation entities and responsibilities of various reforms, include the implementation of major reforms in the scope of supervision and inspection, and test reforms with actual results and the satisfaction of the people.

China's modernization is a modernization that takes the path of peaceful development. In foreign affairs, we must firmly pursue an independent and peaceful foreign policy, promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, practice the common values ​​of all mankind, implement global development initiatives, global security initiatives, and global civilization initiatives, advocate an equal and orderly world multipolarization and inclusive economic globalization, deepen the reform of foreign affairs mechanisms, participate in and lead the reform and construction of the global governance system, firmly safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests, and create a good external environment for further comprehensively deepening reform and promoting China's modernization.

The entire Party, the entire army and people of all ethnic groups across the country must unite more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, hold high the banner of reform and opening up, unite our hearts and minds, and forge ahead, so as to strive to build a modern socialist country in an all-round way, achieve the second centenary goal, and comprehensively promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization.