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The Four Major Interests in Calligraphy

2024-08-06

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Calligraphy is a line art formed by combining dots and lines. It is also an art that closely combines techniques, structures, personality, thoughts, and spiritual interests. It can express a person's accomplishments, temperament, and skills through works, reflecting the author's unique interests. Interests include meanings, interests, thoughts, and interests. In this way, wandering in the realm of calligraphy art composed of dots and lines, you can feel the author's emotions, appreciate the skills of the works, and also arouse our infinite imagination of beauty. The main interests of calligraphy art are as follows:

Tianqu

This refers to a kind of natural interest. Calligraphy is precious because it is natural. Chinese calligraphy emphasizes the unity of man and nature and learning from nature. Cai Yong of the Eastern Han Dynasty said: "Calligraphy is to be scattered. If you want to write, you should first scatter your thoughts and let your emotions run wild, and then write." The "scatter your thoughts and let your emotions run wild" mentioned here refers to this kind of "natural interest" of the unity of man and nature. For example, if you imitate a child's body, it may seem crooked and childish at first glance; but in fact, the brushwork is powerful, the hair is white and the face is childish, it is wonderful and natural, and full of childish interest. For example, the inscription on the cliff, the inscription on the Heyi Stone Gate, and the calligraphy of Zheng Banqiao in the Qing Dynasty all contain this natural interest.


Fun

This refers to the brushwork and posture that are free from familiarity and tend to be fresh, solemn and simple, ancient and elegant, and great ingenuity and simplicity. This is the unique ancient and clumsy beauty in calligraphy, or the clumsy interest. This clumsy interest is often seen in oracle bones, bronze inscriptions, official scripts, and official scripts. There are also many ancient and clumsy ones in regular script, cursive script, seal script, and running script. Yan Zhenqing's masterpiece in his later years, "Yan Family Temple Stele", has a wide and majestic structure, dense outside and sparse inside, and the brushwork is rich and vigorous. It is clumsy and clever, giving people a sense of broadness and ancient clumsiness. Wang Chong is a famous calligrapher in the Ming Dynasty, who is good at various fonts such as regular script, running script, and cursive script. His calligraphy style is mainly "clumsy" and "elegant". His personalized calligraphy style pioneered the calligraphy style of the Ming Dynasty, especially opened up a new way for the transformation of the calligraphy style in the late Ming Dynasty. Others, such as Zhong Yao's regular script, Lu Ji's Pingfu Tie, and Kang Youwei's calligraphy, all show clumsy interest.


Charm

Charming interest is the opposite of clumsy interest. It worships the beauty of the garden, which is soft and pretty, handsome and varied, giving people a charming beauty, or beautiful and delicate. Wang Xianzhi's regular script is graceful and elegant. "The Biography of Wang Xianzhi in the Book of Jin" says that "Xianzhi's strength is far inferior to his father's, but he has a charming interest"; Yang Xin of the Southern Dynasty and Song also said that Xianzhi "is not as strong as his father but has more charm". After Wang Xianzhi, the charm in calligraphy was further developed, and it became more prominent in the Yuan Dynasty. This is because at that time "the ancient is simple and the modern is beautiful, which is the common number; loving beauty and despising quality is human nature." It should be noted here that the charm in calligraphy is beautiful without makeup, fresh and handsome, and it is best not to be soft and boneless, flowing and vulgar.


Elegant

This refers to elegance and grace, and leisurely and graceful. The ancients called the calligraphy of Wei Shuo (Madam Wei) of the Jin Dynasty "graceful and fragrant trees, quiet and gentle like the breeze", which embodies this elegance. In his early years, Wang Xizhi learned the calligraphy of Zhong Yao School from Wei Shuo, and later he learned many methods and formed his own style. His calligraphy is strange and upright, majestic and elegant, strong and beautiful, which brings elegance to the extreme. The works of Dong Qichang of the Ming Dynasty are leisurely, with slightly slanted characters, moderate strokes, sparse structure, and clear and beautiful handwriting. The "Book of Filial Piety" he wrote can be regarded as a classic work of elegant calligraphy.


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