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when xiang yu saw the julu ze, the largest swamp in northern china, outside julu city, his frown began to relax.

the winter wind blew with a biting chill, but a long-lost fire ignited in xiang yu's heart. julu lake was like an irregular mirror, reflecting the gloomy sky. in front of this slippery and muddy swamp, no matter how many troops were filled in, they would instantly become clumsy, powerless, and unable to connect head and tail. an extremely bold battle plan took shape in xiang yu's mind, and he was about to complete the most exciting battle in the history of ancient chinese warfare to defeat the enemy with fewer troops.

when the aging liu bei on dingjun mountain, after more than a year of exhausting tug-of-war, saw xiahou yuan at the foot of the mountain from afar, a rare smile appeared on his wrinkled face.

the shu army, which was in a dominant position, could attack or defend. once the wei army showed a slight flaw, they could use the favorable terrain to rush down the mountain like a tiger and tear the prey into pieces.

throughout the vast history of china, outstanding commanders have always been able to make full use of terrain advantages, defeat the enemy with fewer troops, and accomplish seemingly impossible feats.

when the unique terrain falls into the hands of a great general who is good at using troops, it is like a royal bomb.

in the cold winter of 207 ad, xiang yu led tens of thousands of rebels on a long journey across the zhang river. this was very likely to be the last battle of his life.

at this time, the anti-qin army was at its lowest point. zhang han, a famous qin general, led his army to suppress chen sheng's uprising, killed the king of wei and the king of qi, and defeated the chu army in dingtao, killing the famous general xiang liang. afterwards, zhang han led another 200,000 troops to the north, while commanding wang li's 200,000 great wall corps to attack from the south, besieging the king of zhao in julu, intending to destroy him in one fell swoop. once julu was defeated, the entire anti-qin army would face a complete collapse.

more than 400,000 qin troops were rapidly gathering in the julu area from all over the place. for a time, the julu area was filled with flags covering the sky, spears and halberds like a forest, and shining armor. the sound was deafening, and the formation was terrifying.

the "zhang han army" led by zhang han was reorganized from prisoners of mount li. they were extremely brave, and their 200,000 troops had wiped out the armies of many princes in succession. they were currently the main force of the qin army, and the anti-qin righteous army was once terrified by the sight of them.

wang li led the qin dynasty's elite border defense force, the great wall army, which had been stationed on the border for a long time to fight against the huns. they were equipped with bows and crossbows, armor, helmets, swords and knives manufactured uniformly by the qin dynasty's military factories, as well as well-maintained war horses and chariots, representing the highest level of equipment and training of the qin army at that time.

the 50,000 chu troops led by xiang yu had just suffered a major blow from the death of their chief general xiang liang in dingtao, and their morale was low. in addition, the rebels were watching each other and keeping their troops on the sidelines, resulting in the soldiers lacking food and clothing and having difficulty in obtaining supplies.

although various anti-qin princes also sent reinforcements, zhao general chen yu first sent 5,000 people to test the qin army's encirclement, but they were directly defeated and their entire army was wiped out. the zhao army was so frightened that they held the city and dared not attack again. the reinforcements from other princes also retreated.

among the eighteen reinforcements, xiang yu was the most anxious. a few months ago, his uncle xiang liang, who had raised him, died at the hands of zhang han. fifteen years ago, his grandfather xiang yan was defeated by wang li's grandfather wang jian and then committed suicide.

now that the two great enemies of king zhang had gathered in julu, the only thing on xiang yu's mind was revenge.

however, as a descendant of a general, xiang yu not only practiced swordsmanship since childhood and was strong enough to lift a tripod, but also read the art of war and had considerable strategic skills. faced with this situation, he remained calm.

sun tzu said, "more soldiers are not better, but they are enough to combine strength, estimate the enemy, and win people over." xiang yu knew that the 50,000 chu soldiers were not without a chance against the 400,000 qin troops.

then it continued with the scene mentioned at the beginning. the large lakes and swamps around julu became the key "decisive factor" in xiang yu's eyes - the 400,000 qin troops found it difficult to launch large-scale operations, while the small-scale chu army could flexibly and flexibly look for opportunities to fight.

in addition, he also understood the principle of "food and grass must be sent before troops move". the 400,000 qin troops needed at least 6,000 dan of food and grass every day. in order to maintain such a large amount of food and grass transportation, the qin army built a dozens of kilometers long food transportation corridor between zhanghe and julu. if this supply line could be cut off, the qin army would collapse without a fight.

on the qin army side, wang li's 200,000 troops besieged the julu front line, while zhang han's 200,000 troops were scattered along this transportation lifeline. this means that if the battle was only aimed at a certain part of the grain route, the comparison of the two sides' military strength would not be as disparate as it appears on paper.

therefore, xiang yu first sent 20,000 chu troops across the zhang river, and continued to attack and harass at multiple sections, forcing zhang han to run back and forth to rescue him. a month later, wang li's troops on the front line of julu ran out of food, and the morale of the qin army was very low.

seeing that the time was ripe, xiang yu personally led the entire army across the river, which also created a "famous scene" that has been passed down through the ages. he ordered all pots and pans to be smashed, the boats to be sunk, and the extra food and grass to be burned. each person only carried three days of dry food, instilling in the entire army the awareness of risking their lives. the so-called "burning the boats and breaking the cauldrons" comes from this.

moreover, xiang yu was different from other princes. when other princes fought, they might just sit back and wave their hands, ordering their soldiers to charge forward. but xiang yu would just wave his hand and lead the charge himself. he could fight against a hundred people alone. with such a brave general leading by example, the soldiers' fighting spirit would certainly get a buff bonus.

in this way, xiang yu led the chu army to a desperate battle and successfully defeated the already exhausted zhang han army, forcing the latter to flee. as a result, wang li's army, which had originally surrounded julu, was surrounded by the coalition forces of the princes.

after that, xiang yu turned around and fought wang li again, winning nine battles in a row. seeing that victory was in their grasp, the other princes also began to rush forward, and finally wang li was captured. xiang yu cut off his head with a sword, and his great revenge was achieved. the thrilling battle of julu came to an end.

sun tzu once said, "terrain is an aid to the army." in his "the art of war," he divided terrain into six types: "open terrain, hanging terrain, supporting terrain, narrow terrain, dangerous terrain, and remote terrain," and analyzed in detail the strategies for each terrain.

in the battle of julu, xiang yu demonstrated his unparalleled outstanding military talent through his clever use of the terrain, which also established his prominent position in ancient military history.

in 219 ad, it was a chilly spring day. liu bei stood on the bare dingjun mountain and looked into the distance. he had mixed feelings.

liu bei has spent most of his life on the military since he started his rebellion in zhuo county. in that era when the average life expectancy was only around 30 years old, he was nearly 60 years old but still failed to make the key progress in restoring the han dynasty.

more than a year ago, liu bei led an army of 70,000 to attack yangping pass in hanzhong. however, facing the 100,000 troops of xiahou yuan, zhang he, xu huang, guo huai and other generals, the siege was unsuccessful. this made the shu army very distressed. in order to support the battle, zhuge liang, who was in the rear, mobilized almost everyone in shu, with men serving as soldiers and women transporting food.

▲map of the terrain in the early stages of the battle of dingjun mountain

at a loss of what to do, liu bei suddenly remembered the sentence in sun tzu's art of war: "if you don't use local guides, you can't gain the advantage of the terrain." so he sent out several scouts to cross the mountains and look for a small path around yangping pass. fortunately, he really found it. going southeast through the steep mountain road of 12 kilometers, at the end is an independent high mountain - dingjun mountain, and to the north of dingjun mountain is the hanzhong plain. if hanzhong is captured, shu will have no worries and hegemony can be achieved.

the shu army suddenly appeared in the hanzhong plain in the rear and took the lead in occupying the strategic commanding heights of dingjun mountain. this was a surprising move that the wei army had never expected.

dingjun mountain is only 2 kilometers away from the han river, and the wei army's food and grass at yangping pass is transported by water. the shu army only needs to attack dingjun mountain to cut off the wei army's food supply. this scared xiahou yuan and zhang he, who immediately sent troops from yangping pass to the foot of dingjun mountain to set up camp to prevent the shu army from intercepting the food.

this wave of operations instantly reversed the offensive and defensive momentum of both sides. the wei army had to give up its unique "narrow terrain" and instead fall into a "dangerous terrain" that was favorable to the shu army.

▲diagram of terrain deployment in the battle of dingjun mountain

in fact, by this point in the battle, the shu army had basically won, which was also the same as the scene at the beginning. later, they got the head of xiahou yuan, which was like killing rabbits by robbing grass. later, cao cao personally led his army to seek revenge, but liu bei was still squatting on dingjun mountain to defend, and cao cao couldn't do anything to him either.

the "dangerous terrain" mentioned in "the art of war" refers to terrain that is difficult to pass through. the rugged mountains near dingjun mountain are simply the most representative example. in the "dangerous terrain", the party that first seizes the high ground will gain a huge strategic and tactical advantage. by taking advantage of the height difference of the terrain, they can attack when advancing and defend when retreating, and wait for the enemy to show a flaw so that they can immediately strike and win, thus achieving victory with fewer troops.

▲the wei army at the foot of the mountain was unable to react and was killed by a surprise attack by huang zhong's cavalry.

through these cases, we can see that china's success in winning with fewer troops was not accidental, but was based on profound military wisdom, flexible use of tactics and terrain, and a deep understanding of the laws of war.

the great 5,000-year-long chinese civilization is a history of wars. with a large base of battles, both large and small, the probability of defeating the larger force with the smaller one is high. inspirational stories of clever use of time, place and people to achieve unexpected victory and the weaker side's counterattack will always be remembered and praised by the chinese people.

these counterattack stories often have a protagonist, and the glory of personal heroism always shines in the battles where the few win over the many. china is such a country with many talents and heroes. countless military strategists have been born in all dynasties, and it was they who led countless classic battles where the few won over the many.

of course, china's geographical environment also had a profound impact on the possibility of achieving victory with fewer troops. china's terrain is complex and diverse, with mountains and rivers crisscrossing, which provides favorable conditions for flexible and maneuverable tactics. jokingly speaking, a good general who can't make good use of the terrain will never become a true hero.

undoubtedly, "winning with fewer troops" is a practical experience accumulated and passed down in the long and profound chinese history, and is also a very important part of the profound chinese civilization. so in the current peaceful era, do ordinary people like us have the opportunity to realize a heroic dream, travel back to the ancient battlefield, and lead a battle where fewer troops win over more troops?

the brand new "three-dimensional war" version of "romance of the three kingdoms: strategic edition" for its fifth anniversary provides such an opportunity and stage.

as the saying goes, "it is easy to get thousands of soldiers, but it is difficult to get a good general." as mentioned earlier, in war, an excellent general is often more important than thousands of soldiers. some unique strategies or strategic deployments at the personal level can often have a decisive impact on the entire battle situation. with the addition of a richer military strategist skill system in the new version of "romance of the three kingdoms: strategic edition", this point has been more fully demonstrated.

the "three-dimensional war" version officially launched on september 20th added the military strategist skills of 39 generals in the first batch. familiar three kingdoms characters such as liu bei, kong ming, lu bu, and diao chan were all given new skill characteristics. the military strategist skills of some characters will also be "bound" due to their historical relationship with each other, and the military skills of some characters can break the original sand table battlefield combat rules. combined with the terrain, they can be used flexibly to achieve unexpected and changeable effects.

for example, by gathering troops on high ground and cooperating with huang zhong's military strategist skill "defending the army to surprise attack", you can launch a large-scale bow and arrow attack on the enemy below with the advantage of range. as long as you guard the entrance, you can easily achieve the effect of using fewer troops to defeat more. imagine how spectacular it is to see multiple phalanxes of troops firing arrows at the same time under huang zhong's command.

of course, occupying the high ground does not mean you can sit back and relax. if the opponent's general is zhao yun, he can launch a "single-rider charge". his troops can ignore the terrain and quickly charge to the destination to fight, and then return. at that time, the feat of "seven ins and seven outs" on changbanpo will also have the opportunity to be reproduced with the help of the player's operation.

what is even more interesting is the passive bond. if gongsun zan and zhao yun are teamed up, the former's military strategist skill can allow zhao yun to regain the form of the white horse volunteers. not only will his own attributes change, but his archer suitability will also be greatly enhanced, which is equivalent to changing from a lancer to a bow cavalry.

in addition to military generals, civil officials and counselors also have corresponding auxiliary military skills. for example, yu ji's military skill "pray for wind and rain" can make it rain in some areas, which can not only increase grain production, but also be used to put out fires or water attacks.

it is understood that "romance of the three kingdoms: strategic edition" will also restore the "battle of dingjun mountain" in the 2025 script, taking the height difference of terrain as an important consideration for strategic deployment, and expanding the original flat sand table to a three-dimensional level. when fighting in the wild, players must not only consider the distribution of enemy troops, but also pay close attention to the advantages and disadvantages brought by the terrain. the dangers of mountains and rivers, the solidity of rivers, every terrain may become the key to determining victory or defeat.

in fact, whether it is the battle of julu mentioned above, or the battle of dingjun mountain that will be restored in "three-dimensional warfare", or the well-known classic battles of guandu and chibi during the three kingdoms period, it is because excellent generals flexibly use the terrain and cleverly formulate strategies and tactics that they can finally achieve the feat of defeating the enemy with fewer troops. therefore, the human-centered factor of the general is very important, and it is also important to know how to use different external environmental factors.

the introduction of military strategist skills and three-dimensional sandbox terrain in the game successfully links these two factors together very naturally. they will not only bring new variables to each battle, but also allow players to have more choices and challenges in strategic layout. more importantly, with the help of the excellent understanding and free imagination of the majority of strategists, the game will more realistically present the magnificent ancient war scenes and restore the strategic spectacle of defeating the enemy with fewer troops.

the "three-dimensional war" version of the mobile game "romance of the three kingdoms: strategic edition" will be an unprecedented evolution. whether you are a strategy enthusiast or a three kingdoms fan, you will find your own fun and challenges in this new version.

in fact, "romance of the three kingdoms: strategic edition" has already attracted the love of more than 100 million "strategists" worldwide, and with the official launch of the "three-dimensional war" version, it has also won the fourth place in the ios free list and the fourth place in the best-selling list. obviously, more and more friends want to join this contemporary "three kingdoms world" to achieve their own counterattack battle.

looking at it more deeply, billions of strategists in the new era have the opportunity to continue the oriental art of warfare that has been passed down for thousands of years with the help of innovative digital carriers such as games, depict the unique wisdom and philosophy of the chinese people on the sand table, and relive the classic culture of the three kingdoms. this may be the most precious value of a game.