news

Sore throat, tonsillitis, flu, pus in wounds... these "disease"There is one thing in common - they are all made byInfectCaused by.

In life, many infections are minor illnesses that can heal on their own, but some, if ignored, may develop into cancer in the future.

Cancer does not appear suddenly. It evolves from normal cells to cancer cells, and then to cancer cells proliferate and formTumor, most of them are long-term, and usually require long-term cooperation of various carcinogenic factors.Infectis one of them.

A survey published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer under the World Health Organization found that up to 1/6 of cancers worldwide are caused by bacterial and viral infections.

Recently, a new study published in the Chinese Journal of Oncology by Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital showed that in China,About 18.8%Malignant tumorsFrom preventable chronic infections。

in,Hepatitis BVirus and Helicobacter pylori infection are the most prominent:

Many people thinkLiver cancerIt is "caused by drinking". In fact, it is closely related to hepatitis B virus infection. It is estimated that there are about 75 million people infected with hepatitis B virus in my country.

Among the viruses and bacteria that can clinically induce at least one cancer, the following are the most common.Pathogens have their own target organs。

Globally, these viral infections are the leading cause of liver cancer.

In my country, hepatitis B virus infection accounts for 56% of liver cancer causes, followed by hepatitis C virus infection and drinking. More than 70% of liver cirrhosis and more than 80% of liver cancer in my country are related to hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection.

During clinical screening for liver cancer, this is one of the few "tails" that can be cut off.

• Hepatitis B virus: quietly parasitic

  
  

The hepatitis B virus itself will not cause liver damage. It only parasitizes in liver cells. If it is not detected by the immune system, it will coexist peacefully in the body. This is why some infected people only carry the virus but do not become ill.

Once the immune system detects it and starts to "start a fire", it will first kill the liver cells to expose the virus, thereby causing liver damage.

• Hepatitis C virus: low-key and brutal

  
  

Compared with hepatitis B, the hepatitis C virus is more low-key and more brutal. It not only directly persecutes liver cells, but also often provokes "civil wars", causing lipid metabolism disorders and fatty degeneration of liver cells. It is more likely to evolve into liver cancer than hepatitis B.

However, most patients have no obvious symptoms after being infected with the hepatitis C virus. Once symptoms appear, they may have already developed into cirrhosis and liver cancer. Moreover, the hepatitis C virus can cooperate with factors such as hepatitis B virus infection, smoking and drinking, and accelerate the progression of liver cancer.

Hepatitis B is preventable but not curable. It can be prevented through vaccination, but once infected, it is difficult to completely cure. Hepatitis C is curable but not preventable. Although there is currently no effective prevention method, more than 95% of infected people can be cured through standardized antiviral treatment.

Helicobacter pylori is the only bacterium discovered so far that can survive for a long time in a gastric acid (strong acid) environment. This shows its tenacious vitality and its harm should not be underestimated. It is listed as a "Class 1 carcinogen" and is also one of the most clear risk factors for gastric cancer.

Humans are the only source of infection, and it can be transmitted through oral-oral and fecal-oral。

Helicobacter pylori infection in my country mainly occurs in children and adolescents, which may be related to the shared dining system and mouth-to-mouth feeding. Most cases have no symptoms or complications, but Helicobacter pylori will continue to cause damage from the moment it enters the stomach, and the gastric mucosa can only be "damaged-repaired-redamaged-repaired" continuously.

As long as the bacteria are not eliminated, the inflammation will persist, and almost all infected people have gastritis to varying degrees.

Once the damage exceeds the self-repair limit of the gastric mucosa, acute and chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer may occur, or excessive proliferation may be caused to form adenomatous polyps, which may eventually develop into gastric cancer.

If you experience upper abdominal discomfort, dull pain, heartburn, belching, frequent "early satiety", or unexplained bad breath, it is recommended that you see a doctor immediately and undergo a carbon 13/14 breath test. Regardless of the stage at which eradication treatment is started, the risk of gastric cancer can be greatly reduced.

Hundreds of species have been discovered so farHuman papillomavirus, are all contagious and are mainly transmitted through direct contact with the lesions of an infected person or indirect contact with items contaminated by the virus, as well as sexual contact.

Surveys show that nearly 1/3 of men worldwide are infected with at least one type of HPV, and about 1/5 are infected with one or more high-risk HPV.

In clinical practice, they are found in 90% of cervical cancers and 50% to 75% of penile cancer tissues, especially the two high-risk types HPV16 and HPV18, which can affect both men and women and are relatively difficult to treat.

The vast majority of infected people can turn negative within 2 years, that is, HPV is eradicated, but the conversion rate varies for different subtypes. Low-risk types are usually higher than high-risk types. The shorter the infection time and the stronger the immunity, the higher the conversion rate.

If it is a long-term, persistent high-risk HPV infection, it may induce cancer, but it takes at least 8 to 10 years, so the key to prevention is timely detection.

Epstein-Barr virus is a very common herpes virus, and the general population is susceptible to it. Because it is mainly transmitted through saliva and droplets, the acute infection it causes is also called "kissing disease."

The World Health Organization lists it as one of the human tumor viruses that may cause cancer, and it is also the "mastermind" behind nasopharyngeal cancer.In areas where nasopharyngeal carcinoma is prevalent, more than 90% of cases are associated with EB virus infection.。

Studies have shown that if Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis B virus, HPV, and Epstein-Barr virus infections are eliminated, the number of patients expected to be reduced will account for 57.3%, 72.4%, 99.3%, and 99.3% of the actual number of patients with related cancers, respectively.

It can be seen that although the above-mentioned pathogens are high-risk factors for cancer, they are also the most "conspicuous" controllable factors, leaving many opportunities for prevention and treatment.

Problems such as smoking and drinking, lack of exercise, being overweight and obese, and neglecting hygiene can all increase the chance of normal cells mutating into cancer cells. Therefore, it is particularly important to maintain a healthy lifestyle.

1. To prevent diseases from entering the body through food, we should have a balanced diet and try our best toNo smoking, no drinking; Wash your hands before meals and after defecation, paying special attention to the palms, backs of hands and gaps between fingertips.

2. Avoid unsafe sex, such as wearing condoms incorrectly, having multiple sexual partners, etc.; do not share needles or syringes.

3. Protect children.Infected people should not share eating utensils with children, kiss; stay away from children when sneezing or coughing.

Cancer itself is not contagious, but the above pathogens can be transmitted from person to person. It is recommended that families implement a separate dining system, prohibit mouth-to-mouth feeding, and use dedicated tableware and water cups.

Once there is an infected person in the family, treatment should be sought as soon as possible. Other people are also listed as primary prevention targets, so it is best to get checked in a timely manner.

For example, if one person is infected with Helicobacter pylori, the whole family needs to do a breath test, and those who test positive need to receive eradication treatment, except for children under 12 years old.

Early diagnosis and treatment are the key to increasing cancer cure rates, and early screening is a prerequisite.

There are special antibody tests for various viral hepatitis, such as the five items of hepatitis B, and newborns need to be vaccinated against hepatitis B in a timely manner;

People with long-term stomach discomfort or a family history of stomach cancer should undergo regular breath tests, and people over 40 years old should undergo a gastrointestinal endoscopy and digestive tract tumor screening as soon as possible;

Women aged 25 years and older who have sex should undergo HPV screening once a year, and then every 3 to 5 years.

Since the incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer in Guangdong is 20 times higher than that in areas with low incidence, it is recommended that EB virus serological antibody testing be included as one of the annual physical examination items.

Editor of this issue: Wang BingjieXu Menglian