Focus on power reform | Three departments issued a document to accelerate the construction of a new power system, which concerns nine special actions
2024-08-08
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The National Development and Reform Commission announced on August 6 that the National Development and Reform Commission, the National Energy Administration, the National Data Bureau and other three departments recently issued the "Action Plan for Accelerating the Construction of a New Electricity System (2024-2027)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan"), requiring focusing on key areas where breakthroughs are urgently needed in the construction of new power systems in the near future, selecting typical and representative directions to carry out exploration, using "small incisions" to solve "big problems", and improving the power grid's ability to accept, configure and regulate clean energy. In the next three years, nine special actions will be carried out to promote the construction of new power systems and achieve practical results.
The nine special actions include: power system stability protection action, which requires optimizing and strengthening the main grid of the power grid, and improving the network-related performance of new entities such as new energy, electric vehicle charging infrastructure, and new energy storage; large-scale high-proportion new energy export breakthrough action, which requires increasing the proportion of new energy electricity in the transportation channel and carrying out the application of advanced technologies in new transmission channels; distribution network high-quality development action, guiding local governments to carry out new energy grid connection impact analysis, and establishing a regular release and early warning mechanism for the open capacity of the distribution network; new energy system friendly improvement action, including the implementation of a number of computing power and power coordination projects; power system regulation capacity optimization action, requiring the construction of a number of shared energy storage power stations and the exploration and application of a number of new energy storage technologies; electric vehicle charging facility network expansion action, including improving the layout of the charging infrastructure network and strengthening the integration and interaction of electric vehicles and the power grid; demand-side coordination capacity improvement action, including carrying out high-proportion demand-side response in typical areas and building a number of virtual power plants; as well as smart dispatching system construction action and new generation coal-fired power upgrade action.
"The new power system is the core of the entire energy system in the future." Wang Fang, an energy strategy consultant, told the First Financial reporter that the proportion of electricity in my country's terminal energy consumption is expected to increase from the current 28% to 70%-80% in 2060, and China's electricity consumption will continue to grow rapidly. "What we need to focus on is how to support the access of a high proportion of new energy based on the existing power grid."
In recent years, the pressure of domestic new energy has become prominent. According to data from the National Energy Administration, as of the end of June this year, the total installed capacity of wind power and photovoltaic power generation in China was 1.18 billion kilowatts, exceeding the installed capacity of coal-fired power for the first time. According to the recently issued "Notice on the Responsibility Weights and Related Matters of Renewable Energy Power Consumption in 2024", this year, the responsibility weights of most provinces have increased by at least three percentage points compared with last year, which is much higher than the increase of 1 to 2 percentage points in previous years.
Wang Fang said that there are currently several realistic paths, including the simultaneous development of centralized and distributed power, promoting the export of a high proportion of green electricity from the "Shagohuang" large-scale wind power and photovoltaic base, strengthening the upgrading and transformation of the distribution network in the distributed aspect, or tapping into flexibility resources, such as improving energy storage configuration or deep flexibility transformation of coal-fired power; fully tapping into load-side resources, focusing on new growth points in electricity demand such as electric vehicles and data centers, and so on.
However, the reporter of China Business News learned that the proportion of new energy transmission in most of the "Shagohuang" large bases has not met the prescribed requirements, and the large-scale thermal power installed capacity for peak load regulation has occupied a certain amount of transmission space. In response to this, the plan proposes to select a number of "Shagohuang" large bases with clear power planning and major river basin water, wind and solar integrated bases for transmission channels, and on the premise of ensuring the power supply capacity of the transmission channels, rely on advanced power generation, regulation and control technologies, develop new AC and DC transmission technology applications, reduce the proportion of supporting coal-fired power, and achieve high-proportion or pure new energy transmission.
The plan also proposes to strengthen the integration and interaction between electric vehicles and power grids, make full use of electric vehicle energy storage resources, support the exploration of the integration and interaction of vehicles, charging piles, stations and networks, study and improve the time-of-use electricity price policy for electric vehicle charging, explore the discharge price mechanism, and promote the participation of electric vehicles in the interaction of power systems.
Li Jianfeng of the China Electric Power Research Institute once calculated that by 2040, the number of electric vehicles in China will reach 300 million. If passenger cars use 15kW bidirectional charging piles, the overall power support capacity of the power grid will reach 2.9 billion to 3.5 billion kilowatts, which is about 50% of the non-fossil energy installed capacity of the national power grid at that time.
However, the long-term misunderstandings among different departments have made it difficult to promote the domestic vehicle-grid interaction technology on a large scale. Liu Yuankun, founder of Megawatt Cloud, once told the First Financial reporter that the power grid is worried that the large-scale power return of new energy vehicles may bring shocks to the power grid and even cause power quality problems in the distribution network. "Therefore, based on the actual operating conditions and needs, the power grid has not set up special trading products for V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid). The key to opening up this business model is that the power grid's governance system must be specially designed for V2G."
In addition, the plan also proposes to carry out actions for high-quality development of the distribution network, including improving power supply capacity, disaster resistance and carrying capacity, guiding the energy authorities of various provinces to formulate distribution network development implementation plans, clarifying work goals, task measures, project arrangements, financial guarantees and other contents, and making good connections with distribution network planning.
The reporter noted that in order to accelerate the construction of a new power system, the State Grid Corporation of China's annual grid investment exceeded 600 billion yuan for the first time this year. The new investment will be mainly used for UHV AC and DC project construction, grid digitalization and intelligent upgrading, etc. "The grid faces problems such as long investment payback period and heavy asset operation pressure in distribution network investment," Wang Fang said. "If social capital participates in distribution network investment, it will be a better choice for both parties."
(The interviewee Wang Fang is a pseudonym)
(This article comes from China Business Network)
