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fanFans have a long history in my country, which can be traced back to primitive society. In the Ming Dynasty, Luo Xin's "Origin of Things" said that "Shun was the first to make fans". When explaining the role of fans in "History of Fans" by Shen Congwen, he said: "People invented fans for various needs such as attracting wind and cooling down, driving away insects and mosquitoes, brushing off dust, and starting fire for heating." Judging from the cultural relics unearthed so far, the earliest fans in the Warring States Period were woven with fine bamboo strips.

Later, with the continuous development of handicraft industry, the fan-making materials were diversified (such as bamboo, feathers, silk, brocade, paper, etc.), and the fan shapes were diversified (rectangular, oval, palm fan, polygonal, curved, crabapple, etc.), and the historical process from practical to artistic was gradually completed. It is unknown who first created the inscription on the fan, and it is now impossible to check. Legend has it that it should have been before Song Huizong. After Song Huizong, fan calligraphy appeared, such as Song Huizong's round fan.

Zhao Ji's "Cursive Script on a Silk Fan"

Interpretation: "The swallow's feathers are spinning in the cold as they skim the water; the flower petals are weighed down by the wet mud."

After the Ming Dynasty, fans became widely used. Folding fans are said to have been introduced from Japan. Here are some fan calligraphy styles.

1. Calligraphy on round fan

The round fan is named after its round shape like the bright moon. It is said to have originated from the Han Dynasty. This work has 22 lines, with different characters in each line. The least is 4-5 characters, and the most is more than 40 characters. The layout is based on the edge of the circle, the blank space between the lines and the blank space around the circle are evenly spaced, and the style and title are on the same horizontal line, which is really well thought out.

The above picture shows a deformed round fan, known as the apple style. It was created by Zhao Zhiqian, using Wei Ru's cursive script, with a clumsy yet clever style, a square yet rounded shape, and the blank space in the middle is the mark of the apple's handle, giving the left and right sides a feeling of upper and lower chakras.

The picture above is the ingenious work of Mr. Wu Changshuo, with one regular script and one line, one short and one long, with clear contrast between density and sparseness, and it is extremely elegant and graceful.

The above picture is also a round fan with a deformed style, with four sides that have been squared off. It was also made by Zhao Zhiqian. The main text is in the grid and written in Weibei style. It is rigorous but romantic, elegant and rich. The upper inscription is the source of the main text and the person to whom it was given, and the lower inscription is the date and the author's name.

The picture above is also a round fan with a different style, known as the banana fan style. The layout is arranged around the edge of the fan, with the blank space between the lines and the blank space around the circle being evenly spaced, and the style and title are on the same horizontal line.

The picture above is also a variation of the round fan, known as the square fan. It is said that square fans appeared in the Warring States Period, and the fan surface was woven with thin bamboo strips.

2. Folding fan calligraphy

Folding fan calligraphy is more difficult to create than other calligraphy. The reasons are: first, the size is small, second, the surface is uneven, third, the paper surface does not absorb water, and fourth, the beginning is irregular. Among them, the problem of paper surface not absorbing water is easy to solve. Just wipe it with talcum powder and the problem of not absorbing water can be solved.

The above picture is a two-line centered calligraphy by Zhai Yunsheng, a Qing Dynasty calligrapher who is famous for his official script. This work gives people a feeling of the vastness of the sky and the freedom of flying.

The layout of the picture above is a style of alternating long and short lines. It was written by Ming Dynasty calligrapher Lou Jian. The long lines run from the top of the fan to the bottom, while the short lines only have two characters in each line, and are level at the top, not at the bottom.

The layout of the above picture is half-filled in alternate lines, that is, one line is filled, and the other line is half-filled, and so on. The whole layout is full but not cramped, and the space layout is reasonable.

The layout of the above picture is long rainbow style, with two characters in each line, written along the upper edge of the fan, like a rainbow, and the bottom of the inscription is also flush with the main text, giving people an extremely broad imagination space.

The above picture is written in a sparse style by Chen Hongshou in the Ming Dynasty. If the calligraphy on the fan is too crowded, it will be dull, and if it is too empty, it will be empty. This work is neither crowded nor empty, just right. The space left is just right for self-expression.

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