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recently, the cctv military channel reported on the "noon national defense and military" program that a brigade affiliated with the 81st group army of the central theater district dispatched 99a main battle tanks to conduct live fire firing using artillery-launched missiles. it can be seen from this that the 99a main battle tank was loaded with artillery-launched missiles. after the firing command was issued, it accurately hit the ground ring target set halfway up the mountain. compared with other ammunition types suitable for tanks and armored vehicles, domestic artillery-launched missiles have so far been shrouded in a veil, making the outside world quite curious.

the so-called artillery-launched missiles refer to missiles launched by artillery, which can also be said to be guided artillery shells. artillery that fires artillery-launched missiles generally consists of tank guns, anti-tank artillery, infantry fighting vehicle artillery, and ground self-propelled and towed artillery. compared with ordinary missiles, the main difference of artillery-launched missiles is that they have propellant cartridges, high muzzle velocity, and low cost. compared with ordinary artillery shells, artillery-launched missiles are equipped with a precision guidance system and have the characteristics of high accuracy, high power, and long range.

therefore, various countries in the east and west believe that the emergence of artillery-launched missiles has greatly enhanced the artillery range and shooting accuracy of tank and armored vehicles, and is an effective means to enable tanks and armored vehicles to accurately attack armored targets and anti-armed helicopters at long distances. at this stage, russia is the only country in the world that has developed and equipped a large number of gun-launched missiles on main battle tanks in series. it has developed a total of 9k112/9m112 "cobra", 9k116/9m117 "fortress", 9k120/9m119 "reed flute" "three major series of gun-launched missiles.

the upper-type multi-type artillery-launched missiles are all direct-aiming, fully guided artillery shells, mainly using tank guns as the launching platform. the reason why russia is so keen on artillery-launched missiles stems from the fact that during the soviet period, because tank fire control systems and artillery long-distance shooting accuracy and power were lagging behind the west, artillery-launched missiles, which can theoretically significantly improve tanks, were he is quite enthusiastic about weapons with a high hit rate on moving targets beyond 2,500 meters.

however, whether the concept of artillery-launched missiles was proposed or the development boom started in western countries, for example, the united states launched the "oak stick" and france also launched the "accra". however, after the 1970s, this craze gradually disappeared in western countries. of course, after the cold war, western countries showed a strong interest in artillery-launched missiles, but they have never seen their large-scale production and mass installation. signs.

the reason for this phenomenon is that people in the western tank industry believe that, first, unless it is in a desert area, the distance between tanks in frontal combat will not exceed 2 kilometers, and the distance of 2 kilometers is very difficult for current tank guns and conventional destroyers. armor bombs already have sufficient damage effectiveness and first-time hit rate, but the price of these ammunition is only a fraction or even a dozen of that of artillery-launched missiles.

second, if there is no corresponding sighting and fire control system, the long-distance precision strike capability of artillery-launched missiles will be difficult to exert. however, these extended sighting and fire control system functions not only increase the cost of tank procurement or modification, but also there is also an added burden on reliability. third, artillery-launched missiles only have limited anti-helicopter capabilities. today, with the significant progress in man-portable air defense missile technology, it is a wiser choice to equip tanks with dedicated lightweight air defense systems.

public information shows that in the early 1990s, our country introduced two series of artillery-launched missiles, the 9k116/9m117 "fortress" and the 9k120/9m119 "reed flute" developed by the soviet union. based on the former, our country developed the 100 mm and 105 millimeter artillery-launched missiles, such as the 100mm artillery-launched missile adapted to the 04-type infantry fighting vehicle, the gp 2/gp 105mm artillery-launched missile known as the star of foreign trade, and the "adz104a-105" artillery-launched missile unveiled two years ago, etc. .

as for the latter, representative products include gp 7/gp 125mm artillery-launched missiles and the artillery-launched missiles used in this 99a main battle tank. it should also be made clear that the specific parameters of the above-mentioned gun-launched missiles are still a mystery. only the gp 105mm gun-launched missile is relatively clear. it is reported that the missile is 1.14 meters long and weighs 19.8 kilograms. it can penetrate 650 mm of steel armor at a distance of 5 kilometers (another said it is 5.5 kilometers). as for the guidance system, it is still based on laser beam driving.

the reason why the laser beam guidance system is favored by the soviet union/russia and china is that this guidance method is simpler than laser command guidance. the missile system's laser illuminator, as well as the main equipment for measuring and calculating sight line deviations and issuing flight control instructions, are integrated into the tank's fire control system. there is no need to install a seeker or a missile-borne computer on the missile, and the missile-borne equipment and guidance device have been greatly simplified.

while reducing the complexity of missile technology and improving reliability, it also further reduces the cost, thereby achieving the best integration of technological advancement and cost control, without affecting the relatively excellent combat effectiveness of the weapon system. therefore, when our country introduced these soviet/russian artillery-launched missiles, it also inherited their unique technical style, which mainly consists of laser beam guidance, three-point guidance, and duck rudder control.

official media have also introduced laser beam guidance. that is, after the gun-launched missile is launched, the gunner in the tank continues to track the target through the sight. at the same time, the laser irradiator emits light that overlaps with the aiming line and is "modulated". laser beam. on the other hand, during the flight of a gun-launched missile, if one of the four laser signal receivers installed on the tail of the missile fails to receive the laser code, it means that the missile has missed the target.

then the missile control mechanism corrects the missile back to the center of the beam by deflecting the middle wing, until all laser signal receivers can receive the laser code. as long as the laser beam can continue to illuminate the target, it means that the gun-launched missile can accurately hit the target. . in 2002, the people's liberation army displayed tank-launched missiles in batches for the first time to the outside world. this means that our country has resolved the issue of whether tank-launched missiles exist and whether they should be equipped with troops.

22 years later, the central media showed the artillery missiles used by the 99a main battle tank at close range. it should be pointed out that during these 20 years and several types of artillery-launched missiles, the outside world could find soviet/russian artillery-launched missiles. traces of technology. therefore, problems arise. the design ideas of soviet/russian artillery-launched missiles are based on their own combat needs. the difference in combat needs determines the soviet/russian ideas when developing tank artillery-launched missiles in the next stage. we can no longer copy them wholesale.

furthermore, the battlefield environment that the pla ground forces will face in the future is ambiguous and the opponents are diversified. this is reflected in the issue of tank-launched missiles, which are obviously launch-and-forget or launch-and-launch, with diverse ballistic trajectories and multi-purpose more powerful tank-launched missiles are more adaptable to various combat environments. therefore, from this general background, the close display of the 99a main battle tank gun-launched missile means that our country is already taking action.