beidou pursues dreams and leads the sky: records of the 30th anniversary of china's beidou construction and development
2024-09-21
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at 9:14 a.m. on september 19, my country successfully launched the 59th and 60th beidou navigation satellites using the long march 3b carrier rocket and the yuanzheng 1 upper stage at the xichang satellite launch center. xinhua news agency (photo by yang xi)
xinhua news agency, xichang, september 19 title: beidou pursues dreams and leads the sky - records of the 30th anniversary of china's beidou construction and development
li guoli wu zhongqi
at 9:14 am on september 19, the milky white long march 3b carrier rocket took off from the xichang launch site of the xichang satellite launch center, sending two beidou navigation satellites into the vast space.
these are the last two satellites of the beidou-3 global satellite navigation system. the success of the mission marks the official completion of the beidou-3 global satellite navigation system project, and means that the beidou system independently built by the chinese people has entered a new journey of development.
beidou has been pursuing its dream for 30 years, and now it is leading the sky. in the 30 years since the beidou system project was launched in 1994, several generations of beidou people have worked hard and persisted in independent innovation, step-by-step construction, and gradual development, and have embarked on a path of building a satellite navigation system with chinese characteristics from scratch, from existing to better, from active to passive, and from regional to global, contributing chinese wisdom and strength to better serve the world and benefit mankind.
beidou-1: from scratch, starting from scratch
in 1994, the beidou-1 project was launched, and my country's satellite navigation industry began its journey of exploration.
at that time, the us gps system had begun to provide services to the world, and the russian glonass navigation system had been basically completed.
according to the principle of spatial positioning, at least three satellites are needed to locate a target point on the earth; taking into account the time error, at least four satellites are needed for accurate positioning. this is the working principle and global networking solution of gps and glonass.
if we explore and experiment along this path, we will lack both technical reserves and engineering experience, as well as financial support.
there are many difficulties in building a satellite system from scratch, so we have to find another way. academician chen fangyun proposed the "dual-star positioning" plan, which is to regard the center of the earth as a virtual satellite and then launch two geosynchronous satellites to form a constellation, which can realize the rapid positioning of ground targets in the area.
the smallest constellation, the least investment, the shortest cycle... this plan makes it possible for my country's satellite navigation system to be built from scratch.
afterwards, academician sun jiadong, the first chief designer of the beidou project, led the beidou people to creatively propose a "step-by-step" strategy, namely: experiment first, then build, first domestic, then surrounding, first regional, then global.
at 9:14 a.m. on september 19, my country successfully launched the 59th and 60th beidou navigation satellites using the long march 3b carrier rocket and the yuanzheng 1 upper stage at the xichang satellite launch center. xinhua news agency (photo by yang zhiyuan)
in 2000, in less than two months, my country launched two beidou navigation test satellites, and the beidou-1 system was completed.
since then, the chinese have officially owned their own satellite navigation system, and our country has become the third country in the world to build a satellite navigation system.
beidou-2: independent innovation and overtaking others
the completion and commissioning of beidou-1 has solved the problem of whether or not to have it, but there is still a gap compared with the united states and russia.
therefore, the construction of the beidou-2 system was put on the agenda.
at that time, the frequencies most suitable for satellite navigation were almost all occupied. my country and the european union jointly pushed the itu to squeeze out a small frequency band from the aviation navigation band.
this small frequency segment, which is only one-fourth of the golden frequency band, is the most basic frequency requirement for building a global satellite navigation system.
on april 17, 2000, the beidou and galileo systems were successfully declared. according to itu rules, navigation satellites must be successfully launched within a 7-year validity period.
five years later, the first galileo navigation satellite was launched, while the beidou navigation satellite was still under development. during those days, beidou people had to fight desperately, and finally got the rocket carrying the first beidou-2 satellite standing on the launch tower within the specified time.
before the launch, the transponder on the satellite suddenly malfunctioned. "if the transponder is broken, it means the satellite has no radio signal; without radio signal, it cannot obtain legal frequency resources and has no legal status as a space territory." yang changfeng, chief designer of the beidou satellite navigation system and academician of the chinese academy of engineering, still remembers this experience vividly.
back to zero! beidou personnel reopened the rocket-star assembly, removed the transponder, and worked nonstop for 72 hours to eliminate the fault.
on april 14, 2007, china's beidou satellite took off into space, and a few days later, satellite signals were received from space. at this moment, there were less than four hours left before the deadline for the frequency application to expire.
after that, my country sent 16 beidou-2 satellites into space within five and a half years, built the beidou-2 system and began to provide regional services.
beidou-3: unique skills, serving the world
in 2009, the beidou-3 project was launched. standing on the shoulders of the first two generations of constellations, china's beidou took its third step with great determination.
it took less than three years from the launch of the first set of two satellites to the entry of the last networking satellite into orbit. the constellation deployment of the beidou-3 global satellite navigation system was fully completed six months ahead of schedule.
on july 31, 2020, the beidou-3 global satellite navigation system was officially completed, providing complete all-day, all-weather, high-precision global positioning, navigation and timing services to global users.
this heavy "transcript" was not easy to come by——
according to traditional satellite management methods, controlling and using satellites orbiting the earth requires ground stations all over the world. when it is difficult to deploy ground stations all over the world, intersatellite links must be established between satellites.
china's beidou serves the world and must cover the world.
the beidou-3 system is the world's first to break through the ka-band intersatellite link technology, connecting all beidou satellites into a large network, allowing each satellite to "talk" to each other and measure distance, greatly improving satellite positioning accuracy.
china's beidou, which serves the world, must have higher precision.
the actual application tests in recent years have confirmed that the global positioning accuracy of the beidou-3 system can reach 4 to 5 meters, and the accuracy is better in the asia-pacific region. at the same time, my country has built a beidou ground-based augmented "national network" that can provide real-time meter-level and sub-meter-level precise positioning services across the country.
the atomic clock is the "heart" of the navigation satellite. the beidou-3 system has made breakthroughs in the seamless switching technology of new hydrogen atomic clocks and atomic clocks, which has improved the time and frequency accuracy of the navigation system by an order of magnitude.
at 9:14 a.m. on september 19, my country successfully launched the 59th and 60th beidou navigation satellites using the long march 3b carrier rocket and the yuanzheng 1 upper stage at the xichang satellite launch center. xinhua news agency (photo by yang xi)
china's beidou serves the world and has "unique skills".
compared with other global satellite navigation systems, the beidou-3 system has its own unique skill - short message service. users of other satellite navigation systems can only know "where i am", while beidou users can not only know "where i am", but also tell others "where i am" and "what i am doing", creating a unique service model of integrated communication and navigation.
"5, 4, 3, 2, 1, ignite!"
on september 19, 2024, two beidou navigation satellites were sent into space. developed by the microsatellite innovation institute of the chinese academy of sciences, this group of satellites will carry out trials and trials of new technologies for the next generation beidou system on the basis of ensuring the precise and stable operation of the beidou-3 system.
china's beidou serves the world and also serves the future.
"by 2035, my country will build and improve a more ubiquitous, more integrated and more intelligent comprehensive space-time system." yang changfeng said that under the guidance of this goal, we will innovate and develop the next-generation beidou system with more advanced technology, vigorously develop a variety of positioning, navigation and timing (pnt) methods that do not rely on satellites, and make new and greater contributions to serving the development of human society and building a community with a shared future for mankind.
source: xinhuanet
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