more primary and secondary school campuses will become "safe islands" for beijing citizens
2024-09-19
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during the two heavy rains during this year's flood season, miaofengshan national school in mentougou district temporarily resettled nearly 100 villagers, playing the role of a "safe island" on the campus. in the future, more primary and secondary schools in beijing may assume the function of resettlement points for residents in emergency situations. the local standard "technical requirements for the conversion of indoor emergency shelters to primary and secondary schools" drafted by the municipal emergency management bureau is being publicly solicited for comments from the public on the capital window.
at present, beijing has a total of 1,744 emergency shelters, including 315 indoor shelters. as of 2020, beijing has a total of 2,221 primary and secondary schools, with advantages such as low building density, low population density, convenient transportation, and high defense level.
"combining primary and secondary schools with emergency shelter functions and building large-scale, high-quality indoor shelters based on the basic conditions of primary and secondary schools is of great significance for solving the current problems of land shortage and difficulty in emergency shelters in beijing, insufficient effective shelter area per capita, poor infrastructure configuration, and unoptimized resource allocation." the draft for comments mentioned. miaofengshan national school in mentougou district temporarily accommodated 52 and 40 villagers respectively during the two heavy rains on july 24 and july 30 this year. the playground was temporarily converted into an emergency helipad and the classrooms were converted into emergency accommodation areas.
■under what circumstances can primary and secondary schools carry out normal-emergency conversion?
the draft for soliciting opinions proposes that when emergencies occur in primary and secondary schools during normal teaching periods and emergency shelters are needed, the emergency shelter needs of teachers and students of the school should be met first; during holidays or when students are not in school, when emergencies occur and emergency shelters are needed, they can be opened to the public as emergency shelters.
■how to ensure the safety of site selection?
before being recognized as emergency shelters, primary and secondary schools should conduct resource surveys and emergency conversion assessments, including assessing the impact of emergencies on primary and secondary schools, whether they exceed the defense requirements of various emergency facilities, and whether they have caused destructive effects on corresponding buildings, equipment and facilities; assessing major sources of danger in and around primary and secondary schools, and potential impact areas of various disasters on campus; assessing the usable area within primary and secondary schools and the integrity of related supporting facilities, and determining the usable area that can be used for emergency accommodation and other functional areas.
■what changes will occur after conversion to an indoor shelter?
the converted indoor shelters are also divided into emergency, short-term and long-term. among them, the effective per capita shelter area for emergency and short-term shelters is 0.5 square meters, and the effective per capita shelter area for long-term shelters is 1.5 square meters. short-term shelters should also add emergency accommodation areas, command and management areas, medical treatment areas, catering service areas and other functional areas, and on the basis of the configuration of facilities, equipment and materials in emergency shelters, additional facilities, equipment and materials required for the basic functions of the functional areas and emergency sewage discharge, security and protection should be added. the playground should be converted into a helicopter landing and take-off area to realize the helicopter landing and take-off function of the shelter.
the reporter noticed that there are clear requirements for toilets in the draft for comments. emergency toilets should be designed with one toilet for every 50 to 100 people. when setting up zoning, the number of female toilets should be 1.5 times the number of male toilets. when setting up mixed toilets, the number of dedicated female toilets should account for more than 20% of the total number of toilets.
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the number of guest rooms in a hotel for both emergency and regular use should be greater than 50
our reporter ren shan reported that recently, the draft of the beijing local standard "technical requirements for the conversion of indoor emergency shelters to hotels" drafted by the beijing emergency management bureau was publicly solicited for comments on the capital window. in the future, more hotels will play an important role in accommodating and relocating people in emergency situations.
as the first "dual-use" hotel in the country, wanda jin hotel in pinggu district, beijing was the first to complete the configuration and interface reservation of various emergency and epidemic prevention and isolation facilities.
the hotel should meet certain conditions for emergency conversion. the draft for comments mentioned that the number of rooms in the hotel for emergency conversion should be more than 50; the surrounding roads should be unobstructed and convenient to facilitate the evacuation of personnel, the transportation of materials, and the entry and exit of vehicles; there should be an independent outdoor venue or a single building as a business venue, with no less than two entrances and exits, and the outdoor venue should have a relatively open space to meet the needs of refugee registration, material transfer, vehicle parking, fire evacuation and rescue work.
before the emergency-safety conversion, an assessment should be conducted on the hotel's usage risks and conditions for activation of the conversion, and a emergency-safety conversion plan should be formulated. original spaces with the same or similar functions or that meet the renovation requirements should be converted in an orderly manner into corresponding functional areas of the emergency shelter.
for example, the emergency distribution area is mainly to provide a centralized shelter and evacuation site for emergency refugees, and it is advisable to convert it from an outdoor open space or lobby. the guest rooms should be converted into emergency accommodation areas to provide temporary accommodation for emergency refugees. when the number of toilets in the hotel exceeds the number of refugees, emergency toilets should be added. guest rooms with water supply functions should be converted into medical treatment rooms, and separate medical waste collection facilities should be set up to provide emergency refugees with emergency medical treatment functions such as wound dressing, cold and fever, and first aid.
