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A new study reveals that the nasal conchaeAntibodyB cells, which are able toPathogensThis discovery not only helps us better understand the mechanism of nasal immunity, but also may provide ideas for the development of more effective nasal vaccines and new therapies for the treatment of neurological diseases, allergies and autoimmune diseases.

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The nose is our body's main portal of communication with the outside world. It is where we breathe in air, where we perceive odors, and where microbes invade. The turbinates are specialized structures covered in a unique tissue that secretes mucus and contains many branches of nerve cells responsible for the sense of smell. The structure and function of the turbinates allow the air to be warmed and hydrated before it reaches the lungs.

In a new study conducted by researchers at the Weizmann Institute of Science, they found that whenever the body is sick or vaccinated, antibody-secreting B cells migrate to the nasal turbinates and from there secrete antibodies locally into the nasal cavity. This discovery reveals a new mechanism of nasal immune defense and could pave the way for more effective nasal vaccinations.

The research team used advanced imaging techniques to observe the body's immune response by imaging the complete immune system organs of mice. When mice were vaccinated intranasally, B cells, the main antibody producers in the immune system, produced a concentrated immune response. These cells start with precursor B cells that have the potential to recognize pathogens, and undergo a differentiation process to become cells that secrete antibodies specific to pathogens or become memory cells, which can be stored for a long time for use in future infections.

The study found that B cells change the type of antibodies they produce after vaccination and begin to secrete antibodies that specifically enter the nasal cavity from the inner mucosal tissue. These antibody-secreting cells then migrate from the nasal lymph nodes to the mucus-secreting glands in the nasal concha, just below its outer layer of cells, and secrete antibodies into these glands, thus compensating for the inability of blood antibodies to enter this channel through the bloodstream.

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This study not only reveals a new mechanism of nasal immune defense, but also points to the possibility of future vaccine design, especially for neurological diseases by using antibody-secreting cells to enter the olfactory nerve. Future research will continue to explore this mechanism in order to develop more effective vaccines and treatments to protect people from various diseases.