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[chinese studies geography] students who choose to study geography use "her" to amaze their circle of friends! the summary of geographical knowledge in idioms is the focus and test point

2024-10-07

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01

·ancient poetry and moon phases·

mujiangyin

tang·bai juyi

a ray of setting sun spreads over the water,

half jiangsesu and half jianghong.

poor third night of september,

the dew is like pearls and the moon is like a bow.

geographical analysis

in the poem, "the third day of september" refers to the time, and "the moon is like a bow" refers to the emei moon at the beginning of the month, that is, the emei moon. the emei moon refers to the moon phase on the third and fourth day of the lunar calendar. at this time, the shape of the moon is an inverse "c" shape.


maple bridge night mooring

tang zhang ji

the moon sets, crows cry, and the sky is filled with frost,

jiang feng fishes and fires against chou mian.

hanshan temple outside gusu city,

the midnight bell rings to the passenger ship.

geographical analysis

in the poem, "midnight" and "moonset" describe the "first quarter moon". the first quarter moon is the moon phase on the seventh and eighth day of the lunar calendar. at this time, the shape of the moon is a capital "d" shape.


02

·ancient poetry and climate·

the beauty of april in this world is gone,

the peach blossoms in the mountain temple begin to bloom.

——bai juyi, tang dynasty

geographical analysis

this poem reflectsvertical distribution of temperatureit is precisely because the temperature decreases as the terrain rises (for every 1,000 meters the terrain rises, the temperature drops 6°c) that the geographical phenomenon of peach blossoms blooming earlier and later on the mountains and at the bottom is caused.


it rains every house during the huangmei season,

the grassy pond is full of frogs.

geographical analysis

the poem describes our countrymeiyu weather in jianghuai region. in the jianghuai region of my country, every yearjune and julythere will be continuous cloudy and rainy climate phenomena, which can last for about a month. since this time is the ripening period of jiangnan plums, people call it "meiyu". in early summer, people traveling north from the tropical oceanwarm moist airit often extends to the middle and lower reaches of the yangtze river, and sometimes reaches the huaihe river and the areas north of it.cold air meets. they are evenly matched and in a "see-saw" state, forming a linestable rainfall zone, leading to continuous rain.


03

·ancient poetry and rivers·

will drink wine(excerpt)

tang li bai

don’t you see me?

the water of the yellow river comes up from the sky,

run to the sea and never return.

geographical analysis

this verse aims to illustratethe origin of the yellow river is very high.but does the water of the yellow river really "never return" after flowing into the sea? analyzing from the perspective of natural water cycle, natural water is in a continuous cycle. rivers merge into ocean water bodies. through evaporation, water vapor transport, precipitation and other links, they fall to the ground and become surface runoff, which may re-enter rivers."heaven" refers to the bayankra mountains. "running to the sea" refers to the bohai sea.


don't ask about mulberry fields,

but look at sang luozhou.

several new residences,

great rivers flowed in the past.

geographical analysis

the place where the great rivers once flowed has now become "several new residences", reflecting the river'sconvex bank accumulation and concave bank erosionphenomenon, namely the erosion and accumulation of rivers.


04

·geographic knowledge in ancient poetry·


poems about the origin and scenery of rivers in my country

"going north to the xiangjiang river, we reach the head of orange island." (mao zedong's "qinyuanchun·changsha")

——describes the flow direction of the xiangjiang river from south to north.

"why is zhejiang like this in august? the waves are like snow coming from the mountains." (li bai's "six poems on hengjiang")

——"zhejiang" refers to the current qiantang river. august is the most spectacular time of qiantang tide.

"the clear stream clears my heart, and the color of the water is different from other waters. i may ask the xin'an river, why is it like this?" (li bai's "qingxi xing")

——it means that the water of xin'an river at that time was very clear and contained very little sand.


poems about my country's weather and climate

1. poems describing the weather

(1) the influence of topography and topography on weather

"you asked about the return date but it has not yet been announced. the night rain in bashan swells the autumn pond." (li shangyin's "night rain sends to the north")

——it means that due to the influence of terrain in the bashu region of sichuan, the airflow in the basin rises at night, which easily forms clouds and causes rain, often causing night rain.

"the branches in the south are warm and the branches in the north are cold. there are two kinds of spring breeze." (liu yuanzai's "early plum blossoms")

——our country is located in the northern hemisphere. the southern slope of the mountains is the sunny slope, and the northern slope is the shady slope. the temperature on the sunny slopes of mountains is higher than that on the shady slopes at the same height.

"i'm afraid that the beautiful buildings and jade buildings will be too cold at high places." (su shi's "shui tiao ge tou: when will the bright moon come")

——explain the change of terrain on temperature. the higher the terrain, the lower the temperature.

"there is still a lingering heat in the city, and the autumn light reaches the wild people's homes first." (lu you, song dynasty)

——the urban heat island effect has different impacts on cities and rural areas.

(2) the impact of fronts on weather

"suddenly a spring breeze came overnight, and thousands of pear blossoms bloomed on the trees." (cen shen's "song of white snow sends judge wu back to the capital")

——in the winter half of the year in my country, the northern region is affected by the cold front, resulting in weather phenomena of cooling and snowfall in a short period of time.

"looking at the world with cold eyes toward the sea, the hot wind blows and rains on the river sky." (mao zedong's "climbing mount lushan")

——this poem explains that tropical ocean air masses from the pacific ocean bring abundant precipitation to our country in summer, that is, the influence of warm fronts on the weather.

2. poems describing climate

"in february, the branches in the south of the yangtze river are full of flowers, and the cold food in a foreign country is far more miserable." (meng yunqing's "cold food")

——it means that there is a big climate difference between the south and the north of my country. in february, the south of the yangtze river was full of flowers, while other places were very cold, which illustrates the impact of latitude differences on the climate.

"why should the qiang flute blame the willows? the spring breeze does not pass through yumen pass." (wang zhihuan's "two liangzhou poems·one")

——it means that yumenguan is located in the non-monsoon area of ​​my country, and the warm and humid summer monsoon is difficult to reach here, which illustrates the impact of the location of sea and land on the climate.

"the north wind blows and the white grass breaks on the ground, and the sky is full of snow in august." (cen shen's "song of white snow sends magistrate wu back to the capital")

——describes the scene formed under the influence of temperate continental climate.


poems about the influence of geographical factors on plants

"red beans grow in the southern country, and when spring comes, they sprout a few branches." (wang wei's "lovesickness")

——it means that red beans only grow in the south and not in the north. this illustrates the effect of heat on plant distribution. similar poems include "oranges growing in huainan are oranges, and growing in huaibei are oranges."

"it's not that chrysanthemums are preferred among flowers. if these flowers are in full bloom, there will be no flowers at all." (yuan zhen's "chrysanthemum")

——chrysanthemums bloom in autumn, which illustrates the seasonal impact on plants.

"pomegranates are as red as fire when facing the sun, while plums are sour when facing the sun" ("ancient proverb")

——explains the effect of light on plants.

in the process of understanding the natural environment, the ancients wrote all the geographical phenomena they observed into idioms. there are many idioms here that contain geographical knowledge. let’s take a look with the editor.

geography in idioms

bashan night rain

there is a sentence in li shangyin's night rain sends to the north, "the night rain in bashan rises to the autumn pond", which everyone must be familiar with. it refers to the lonely scene of being in a different place and encountering the lingering night rain.

i wonder if my classmates have thought about it

why does it rain so many nights in bashan?

is this a coincidence?

——of course not.

bashan is located in the sichuan basin. the air flow in this area is blocked, the air is humid all year round, and it is cloudy and foggy. during the day, under the protection of clouds, the ground heats up slowly and the atmosphere is not suitable for convective movements. at night, the upper part of the cloud layer quickly becomes colder, while the lower part is still relatively warm. the cold air will sink and the warm air will rise, making the atmosphere unstable, which can easily form convection and lead to rainfall.


sichuan dog barking day

metaphor of rare and strange.

as mentioned above, the air in the sichuan basin is humid, the sky is cloudy, and it is surrounded by mountains. the water vapor in the middle plain is difficult to disperse, making it difficult to see the sun. so when the dogs there saw the sun, they barked to show their surprise. precisely because they receive less solar radiation, the skin of the people there is fairer and more delicate, and handsome men and beautiful women frequently appear.


changes in the sea

"the sea turns into mulberry fields, and the mulberry fields turn into the sea." this is a metaphor for the great changes in the world.

the himalayas are the world's highest mountains. they were formed by the collision of the indo-australian plate and the eurasian plate, and their height continues to grow every year. but experts have discovered fossils of marine life, which strongly proves that most of the peaks in the himalayas were once a charming blue ocean under the sun. in addition, ancient river channels, wells and other human activity sites have been discovered on the seabed in eastern my country. these are strong evidence of the changes in the sea.


wu niuchuanyue

it is a metaphor for fear due to suspicion. it is also a metaphor for people who are overly afraid and lose the ability to judge. it also describes the hot weather.

this vividly reflects the hot summer climate in the jianghuai region. the buffalo is afraid of heat and thinks the moon is the sun when it sees it, so it lies on the ground looking at the moon and panting.

geographically, it is a summer drought phenomenon controlled by subtropical high pressure. the downdraft is very strong, making it difficult to form precipitation in the middle and lower reaches of the yangtze river. july and august are often sunny, with high temperatures and strong evaporation, resulting in midsummer drought.



drops of water penetrate the stone

it is a metaphor that perseverance and small accumulation can achieve huge achievements and results. comprehensive compilation by teacher tan’s geography studio

in geology, water dripping through stone is no longer a symbol of spirituality. the widely distributed karst landforms in southwest my country can prove this. the rocks it is composed of are mostly soluble rocks, such as limestone, dolomite, etc. when insoluble calcium carbonate encounters water and carbon dioxide, water-soluble calcium bicarbonate is generated. after the erosion of rainwater and the uplift of the earth's crust, special karst terrain such as caves and stone forests was formed. the landscape of guilin, guangxi, and the wanfenglin scenic area in guizhou are typical karst landforms. comprehensive compilation by teacher tan’s geography studio


cool autumn weather

describes the clear skies and cool weather in autumn.

let’s talk about “autumn high” first. the autumn sky always makes people feel high. because it is rainy in summer, the particulate matter in the air settles significantly. the dust impurity particles in the atmosphere are greatly reduced, which greatly improves the transparency of the atmosphere and reduces the ability to scatter longer waves. weak, the proportion of blue-violet light increases. let's talk about "fresh air". after autumn, the days are shorter and the nights are longer. the solar heat absorbed during the day is less than the heat emitted at night, so the temperature of the ground gradually drops.



nonsense

it is a metaphor for making casual comments and talking nonsense regardless of the facts.

the chemical component of orpiment is arsenic trisulfide, the color is lemon yellow, and the streaks are bright yellow (striations: generally refer to the color of the powder left when the mineral is scratched on a white unglazed porcelain plate). in ancient china, the paper people used to write on was mostly yellow, which was close to the color of orpiment stripes. if they made a mistake on the paper, they would use orpiment to smear the wrong word and then rewrite it. therefore, there is the use of nonsense to refer to nonsense. orpiment can not only be used as a correction fluid, but can also be used as medicine to kill insects, detoxify, and reduce swelling. it is also a high-quality painting pigment.

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note: this article is compiled by teacher tan’s geography studio from we all love geography, middle school geography research, middle school geography classes, ingenious geography, learning geography easily, college entrance examination geography, talking about land and reasoning, lao ding talking about geography, planet geography, and so on learn geography and other geographical public accounts like this orwatermark in textwait, herethanks also! if the quotation is inappropriate, you can alwaysleave a message at the end of the articlecontact us to indicate the source or delete it.

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