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since the 75th anniversary of the founding of the people's republic of china, our country has adhered to the path of self-reliance and independent innovation, step by step realizing its dream of traveling beyond the earth, traveling into space, and exploring the universe. space scientific research has continued to advance and it has continued to achieve world-renowned scientific and technological achievements.

space science uses spacecraft as the main platform to study physical, chemical, life and other natural phenomena and their laws that occur in solar and terrestrial space, interplanetary space and even the entire universe. it is a field that occupies the basic frontier, leads technological innovation, and protects the country. the science of space security.

since the founding of new china, my country’s space science has generally gone through three important stages of development:

from the decision to develop it in 1958 to 1970, my country's first artificial earth satellite "dongfanghong-1" was successfully launched, becoming the starting point of my country's space science.

at the beginning of the 21st century, my country successfully implemented the "double star plan" consisting of "detection 1" and "detection 2", achieving a breakthrough from 0 to 1 of my country's dedicated space science satellites.

since the 18th national congress of the communist party of china, our country has established a series of space science satellites, and "wukong", "mozi", "huiyan" and "kuafu-1" have been launched successively; at the same time, the manned space project has carried out a large number of space science and applied experiments, lunar and planetary exploration are also constantly advancing, my country's space scientific research has entered the fast lane, and the space science industry is making great strides towards the center of the world stage.

my country's space science satellite shines in space from scratch

if we want to make better use of the universe, we must first understand the phenomena and laws of the universe, which requires the help of scientific satellites. "dongfanghong-1" is my country's first artificial satellite and the starting point of my country's space science. at present, our country has completed 15 space science satellite missions and created china’s own series of space science satellites. so, how did my country's space science satellites develop from scratch and continue to grow and shine in space? let’s find out together.

a few days ago, my country's solar wind magnetosphere interaction panoramic imaging satellite-"smile satellite" completed the development of the prototype and is expected to be launched before the end of 2025. the "smile satellite" is the final project of the space science (phase ii) pilot project of the chinese academy of sciences. it is expected to obtain the interaction between the solar wind and the earth's magnetosphere, explore coronal mass ejection events, etc., and is expected to continue to obtain new discoveries that update the human knowledge map. .

academician of the chinese academy of sciences director of the national space science center of the chinese academy of scienceswang chi：the level of our detection instruments is getting higher and higher now. for some macroscopic processes, we can see bigger, for some microscopic processes, we can see more precisely, and for energy processes, we can see higher energy ranges. china's space science is developing entering into a multi-point breakthrough situation.

from my country's first space astronomy satellite, the dark matter satellite "wukong", to the quantum science experimental satellite "mozi", the comprehensive solar exploration satellite "kuafu-1", and then to the large-field x-ray astronomy satellite " "einstein probe"... since 2011, my country has launched two special pilot projects for space science satellites. a series of satellites that continue to open up new fields of space science have been launched one after another, and they have studied solar activities, solar-terrestrial space, and explosions of cosmic objects. form multi-faceted dynamic monitoring and exploration.

academician of the chinese academy of sciences director of the national space science center of the chinese academy of scienceswang chi：the "wukong" dark matter particle detection satellite detects the highest energy range; the "mozi" established entanglement-based quantum key distribution at the thousand-kilometer quantum level, which is the first time in the world; the "kuafu-1" is very important for the sun the monitoring of the magnetic field longitudinal field has reached the international advanced level. the "einstein probe" launched at the beginning of this year has so far detected more than 2,000 stellar flare events. we can provide a deeper scientific understanding of the dynamic universe.

since the 18th national congress of the communist party of china, my country's space science research has developed rapidly, and behind this is decades of exploration and accumulation.

academician of the chinese academy of sciences director of the national space science center of the chinese academy of scienceswang chi：the space science center started from our 581 group, which was a research institution established in 1958 for the development of the "dongfanghong-1" satellite. this was our dream at the beginning, to develop our country's artificial satellite.

to carry out space scientific research, satellites play an irreplaceable role. in 1957, the soviet union successfully launched the world's first artificial satellite, announcing the advent of the human space era. in 1958, china proposed for the first time that "we also want to build artificial satellites." however, satellites are a very complex space technology, which was not easy for china, which had a relatively weak industrial and scientific research foundation at the time.

pan houren, then deputy leader of the overall design team of the "dongfanghong-1" satellite:if we say that launching the "dongfanghong-1" satellite is equivalent to eating steamed buns, then we have to start by opening up wasteland and planting wheat. we have nothing and start from scratch.

due to numerous difficulties, the satellite development work was postponed for a time, and scientific research efforts were concentrated on developing sounding rockets first. it was not until 1965 that the party central committee decided to restart satellite development and held a satellite program demonstration meeting in october of that year.

pan houren, then deputy leader of the overall design team of the "dongfanghong-1" satellite:more than 100 people from across the country participated, and it lasted for 42 days, with meetings during the day and calculations and research at night. finally, a 12-word indicator was set, which is "can go up, can be grasped, can be heard, and can be seen."

"getting up there" is the first and most basic requirement for satellite launches, which requires a lot of precise calculations to ensure.

pan houren, then deputy leader of the overall design team of the "dongfanghong-1" satellite:we lacked everything, not even computers. at that time, we relied on slide rules. everyone on the real satellite was top secret and would not be disclosed to us. we had to rely on ourselves. we had to be self-reliant, work hard, and take a road that no one had gone before.

from basic principles, to orbit calculations to launch measurement and control, from satellite structures to a large number of high-precision parts, scientific researchers and engineers in many fields across the country overcame numerous challenges and spent 5 years working on key problems to achieve china's first mission with the simplest equipment. space mission. on april 24, 1970, the "dongfanghong-1" satellite was successfully launched and sent back telemetry data and music, allowing the world to hear the sounds of chinese satellites.

pan houren, then deputy leader of the overall design team of the "dongfanghong-1" satellite:i am very happy that it finally succeeded. what we were very proud of at that time was that our "dongfanghong-1" satellite was 100% domestically produced, which drove a series of industries and scientific research to develop it, laying a good foundation and cultivating we have formed a group of people, and the most important thing is our own set of theories, methods, and techniques.

"dongfanghong-1" laid a solid foundation for the development and launch of a series of subsequent satellites in our country, and also became the starting point of our country's space scientific research. in the future, with the deployment of a number of cutting-edge space science missions, china's space exploration path will become wider and wider.

academician of the chinese academy of sciences director of the national space science center of the chinese academy of scienceswang chi：the five major scientific exploration themes that we will focus on in the future, including extreme universe, space-time ripples, solar-terrestrial panorama, habitable planets and space objects, have condensed 17 priority development directions. through the implementation of these tasks, the goal is to 2035, we can enter the international forefront of space science.

space science experiments on the china space station are being carried out in an orderly manner

nowadays, my country's space science research can be said to be in full bloom. while scientific satellites are shining in space and constantly exploring the unknown, space science experiments are being carried out in an orderly manner on the chinese space station, and scientific research results are constantly being produced. what technological support is behind this?

at the space application engineering and technology center of the chinese academy of sciences, staff are paying close attention to the latest developments in the space station.

zhang lu, a researcher at the space application engineering and technology center of the chinese academy of sciences:what we saw was the work of the radiation biology device returning to the cabin. some samples of anaerobic archaea that had been brought up before had to be transferred from outside the cabin to the cabin after being exposed in space for several months.

it is understood that the national space laboratory established on the china space station has currently carried out more than a hundred scientific experiments and application tests in orbit. "space rice seeds" have bred offspring on the ground, and "space fish farming" has enabled my country to cultivate spines in space. animal breakthroughs and the smooth growth of "space crystals" will provide guidance for the preparation of new materials on the ground... behind each scientific experiment and scientific research results, it is inseparable from the support of scientific experiment cabinets.

there are 14 scientific experiment cabinets deployed in the sealed cabin of the china space station, including life ecology, fluid physics, and container-free materials. each experiment cabinet may not look big, but it is the result of countless attempts and efforts by countless scientific researchers for more than ten years.

zhang lu, a researcher at the space application engineering and technology center of the chinese academy of sciences:all experimental cabinets were considered and planned more than 10 years ago. the most difficult first step is to plan the various fields in space, what types of experiments it will conduct, and transform it from scientific things. to become something that our project can realize, the complexity is actually no less than that of a brand new satellite, because no one has done it before.

cctv reporter ren meimei:next to me are fourteen scientific experiment cabinets of the same size, same configuration, and synchronous operation as our space station. each experimental cabinet is a comprehensive scientific laboratory. their common development difficulty is that the space is small, which is equivalent to making the space in the space station small. the experimental equipment of several rooms on the ground is placed in a cabinet of less than two cubic meters.

only by carrying the maximum scientific payload with the minimum weight can we carry more scientific research. in this regard, the scientific research team conducted hundreds of simulations and mechanical tests on the experimental cabinet, and finally achieved a load-bearing capacity of 500 kilograms when the main structure of the cabinet is less than 100 kilograms, which is twice as high as the international space station experimental cabinet. above.

zhang lu, a researcher at the space application engineering and technology center of the chinese academy of sciences:when we sent away our last experimental cabinet, we were actually very reluctant to part with it, because basically in the past 10 years, we may have spent much more time dealing with the experimental cabinet than with our family. when our experimental cabinet is launched and enters orbit normally, when we see all kinds of scientific data being continuously transmitted to the ground, i think maybe what all the scientific researchers in manned spaceflight want to see in the past thirty years is that moment.

based on the smooth development of a series of space science experiments, from shenzhou 12 to shenzhou 17, astronauts brought back more than 300 scientific experiment samples, and more than 100 domestic and foreign scientific research institutes participated in the research. currently, relevant departments are selecting more scientific experiment projects, waiting for the national space laboratory to create new scientific miracles.

zhang lu, a researcher at the space application engineering and technology center of the chinese academy of sciences:we cannot relax and select some projects to produce some application results that can directly serve our national economy and people's livelihood; we must also continue to develop some new payload devices to support more and wider space science and application experiments. . our space station is a large laboratory in our low-earth orbit. in the future, there may be our laboratory on the moon. even in the longer future, we will go to farther stars to establish a space laboratory for us to explore the universe and explore unknown mysteries. .

(source: cctv news)

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