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in less than 30 seconds, the oxygen concentration in the cabin will rapidly drop to almost zero, causing the user to die from lack of oxygen.

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switzerland is one of the few countries that allows euthanasia, but a recent incident has sparked new legal controversy.a device called a "euthanasia capsule" that can kill a user within five minutes of pressing a button has been used for the first time in the swiss canton of schaffhausen without official approval, killing a 64-year-old american woman.

on september 24, the swiss cantonal police of schaffhausen announced thatthey had arrested several people the day before in connection with the sale and operation of the "euthanasia capsule" - a self-service suicide device.the local procuratorate has launched an investigation into the matter to determine whether there was any incitement, aiding or abetting of suicide, and to explore whether there were any other criminal offenses.

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police said the incident occurred on the afternoon of september 23, when the "euthanasia capsule" was activated in a forest cabin in schaffhausen. the 64-year-old american woman who used the device subsequently died. after receiving the report, the police quickly rushed to the scene and detained the relevant personnel.

according to the manufacturer, the capsule can accommodate one person lying down and releases nitrogen when the user presses a button.in less than 30 seconds, the oxygen concentration in the cabin will rapidly drop to almost zero, causing the user to die from lack of oxygen.

the developer, australian doctor philip nitschke, witnessed the woman's death remotely via video and monitored the oxygen and heart rate monitors on her body.he said the woman lost consciousness within 2 minutes and died 5 minutes later, and the whole process was consistent with expectations.

according to foreign media reports, the american woman suffers from a serious illness and severe pain, and she hopes to end her life within two years. before deciding to use the "euthanasia capsule", she was examined by a psychiatrist and was considered mentally healthy. she also left a statement confirming that she wanted to die and was supported by her two sons.

previously, another american woman had been chosen to be the first person to use the capsule, but was excluded due to mental health issues.the non-profit assisted death organization "last resort" is related to this matter and has expressed its willingness to cooperate with the prosecutor's investigation. the organization claims that it does not charge users, but users need to bear their own funeral expenses and liquid nitrogen costs.

however, despite these statements and preparations, the first use of the "euthanasia capsule" has still caused legal controversy. swiss police and prosecutors are conducting an in-depth investigation into the matter to determine whether existing laws have been violated.

euthanasia is a deliberate measure to end a patient's life in order to relieve the patient's unbearable pain. it is usually applied to patients with incurable long-term serious diseases, which have entered the late stage and have brought great physical and psychological burdens to the patient. this measure will be taken when the patient or his family members do not want the patient to suffer from the disease any longer, and with the consent of both the doctor and the patient (or his family members).

the definition of euthanasia varies from country to country. for example, the house of lords medical ethics select committee in the uk defines it as a deliberate intervention to end life, with the intention of alleviating intractable suffering. in the netherlands and belgium, euthanasia is understood as a doctor ending the patient's life at the request of the patient, although dutch law does not use the term "euthanasia" directly, but includes it in the broader definition of "assisted suicide and termination of life on request".

euthanasia can be categorized according to the patient's wishes, including voluntary euthanasia, non-voluntary euthanasia, and involuntary euthanasia. voluntary euthanasia occurs when the patient chooses to end their own life in a fully voluntary manner, and this practice is considered legal in an increasing number of countries. involuntary euthanasia occurs without the patient's consent, but is also allowed in some countries under certain limited conditions, and includes both active and passive forms. however, involuntary euthanasia, that is, euthanasia performed without the patient's consent or against the patient's wishes, is illegal in all countries and is generally considered murder.

as of 2006, euthanasia has become a hot area of ​​bioethical research. in some countries, the moral, ethical, and legal issues associated with euthanasia have sparked widespread public controversy. passive euthanasia, commonly known as "pulling the throat," is legal in many countries under specific circumstances. however, active euthanasia is legal or de facto legal in only a few countries such as belgium, canada, new zealand, new south wales, australia, and switzerland, and is strictly restricted and requires the approval of a counselor, doctor, or other expert. meanwhile, in some countries such as nigeria, saudi arabia, and pakistan, support for active euthanasia is almost non-existent.

the "euthanasia capsule" is a device designed for euthanasia. it consists of a detachable 3d printed capsule and a bracket equipped with a tank of liquid nitrogen. the device quickly reduces the oxygen concentration in the surrounding environment by releasing nitrogen, an inert gas, to achieve the purpose of euthanasia. this method aims to prevent users from experiencing panic, suffocation, and painful struggles before losing consciousness during the death process, especially the hypercapnia reaction caused by increased carbon dioxide concentration in the blood. the device was invented by euthanasia advocate philip nitschke in 2017. (editor: yang qian)