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according to media reports citing multiple indian and european government and defense industry officials, as well as industry analysis of customs data, many ammunition sold by indian arms manufacturers may have been transferred to ukraine by their european customers. although russia has protested, the indian government has not stepped in to stop the transaction.

the kremlin has raised the issue and protested on at least two occasions, including during a july meeting between russian foreign minister sergei lavrov and his indian counterpart, according to three indian officials.

the above sources and customs data show that the transfer of relevant ammunition has been going on for more than a year.of course, in terms of total volume, this number may not be much.

two indian government and two defense industry sources said india produced only a tiny fraction of the ammunition used by ukraine. one of the officials estimated that this was less than 1% of the total weapons ukraine has imported since the outbreak of the russian-ukrainian conflict. it is not yet clear whether the ammunition was resold by european customers or donated to ukraine.

european countries sending indian ammunition to ukraine include italy and the czech republic, which is taking the lead in providing kiev with artillery shells from outside the european union, according to a spanish official and a senior indian official.

the indian official also said india was monitoring the situation. but he and a defense industry executive with direct knowledge of the re-exports noted thatindia has not taken any action to restrict supplies to europethe officials requested anonymity because of the sensitivity of the matter.