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relying on the false information of "northern han and liao invasion", zhao kuangyin, the chief inspector of the later zhou dynasty, became the founding emperor of the northern song dynasty. at first, zhao kuangyin avoided fighting with the liao dynasty until the two sides fought on the battlefield for the first time in 968. after that, the northern song dynasty and the liao dynasty continued to fight over the northern han and yanyun issues. the treaty of chanyuan in 1005 ended the war between the northern song dynasty and the liao dynasty. but 117 years later, the northern song dynasty started a war again. what happened?

1. maritime alliance

in 1111, tong guan, a eunuch of the northern song dynasty, was sent as an envoy to the liao kingdom. when he arrived at lugou, a liao man came to visit him in the middle of the night. this man was called ma zhi, and he claimed that he had a plan to destroy the liao kingdom. he said to tong guan: "the jurchens hate the liao people to death, and tianzuo is licentious and immoral. if our dynasty sends envoys from deng and lai to cross the sea, make friends with the jurchens, and agree with them to attack the liao kingdom, their country can be conquered." tong guan, who was eager for success, was very interested in this, so he actively promoted this matter after returning to china, and recommended ma zhi to song huizong.

however, this matter did not go smoothly. it was not until 1118 that the northern song dynasty got in touch with the jin dynasty. after that, the two sides exchanged envoys and letters, and finally reached the so-called "sea alliance" in november 1120. the two sides agreed to jointly destroy the liao dynasty, with the jin dynasty responsible for conquering the liao zhongjing and the northern song dynasty responsible for conquering the liao nanjing; the jin dynasty returned the land that shi jingtang gave to the liao dynasty (except yunzhou) to the northern song dynasty; the northern song dynasty transferred the annual tribute originally given to the liao dynasty to the jin dynasty.