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Ouyang Xun's regular script "Jiucheng Palace" introductory tutorial

1. Point

Do not follow the instructions in the relevant textbooks for dotting and strokes. For example, some textbooks say "enter from the opposite direction, move to the right, lift the pen, return the tip of the pen, and close the pen". This method is not writing, but drawing. The fact that a dot has such a complicated way of writing has scared away many calligraphy enthusiasts.

In fact, this dot is written in one stroke, with the tip of the brush exposed, and the brush is pressed down, while moving and lifting. The full belly on the left is drawn with the brush. Of course, it is impossible to explain it more clearly here.

Note: There should be three corners and a belly.

Left point: Start writing with the tip of the pen exposed, press the pen down, lift the pen and pause, then return the tip of the pen. Sometimes, depending on the needs of the character, the tip of the pen can be exposed at the end. The top corner is relatively sharp.

2. Horizontal

Short horizontal stroke: Start writing with the tip of the pen exposed, press the pen to the right, lift the pen and press it down, then return the pen. Pay attention to writing with three corners.

Middle horizontal: Start writing with the tip of the pen exposed, press down and move to the right, lift the pen, press down and return the tip of the pen. It is similar to a quadrilateral.

Long horizontal stroke: one is to start with the tip exposed, the other is to start with the tip hidden. It should be noted that the middle is the thinnest, the beginning is thicker than the middle, and the end is the thickest. Different from Yan style, there should be no bumps at the end, and the end should be very natural. It should be symmetrical and smooth, which is the characteristic of Ou style.

In fact, in Ouyang Xun's writing, the horizontal strokes do not have a tendency to arch upwards, but are directly straight. This is done to reduce the difficulty and to meet the needs of current calligraphy art. Of course, both writing methods are correct, but strictly speaking, it is better to follow Ouyang Xun's writing method.

3. Vertical

Vertical strokes: vertical stroke with a drop of liquid and vertical stroke with a hanging needle. The difference between the two lies in the ending. At the end of the vertical stroke with a hanging needle, you should press the pen slightly before lifting it up. The same is true for the vertical stroke with a drop of liquid, except that the ending of the vertical stroke with a drop of liquid is faster.

The writing method of a short vertical stroke is basically the same as that of a long vertical stroke, except that it leans slightly to the left after starting.

4. 撇

5. Na

6. Pick

7. Hook

8. Discount

How to copy Ouyang Xun's "Jiucheng Palace Liquan Inscription"

Ouyang Xun's regular script absorbed some characteristics of Han Li, Jin Dynasty regular script and Northern stele. It is rigorous, uses the center of the brush, has strong bones and clean brushstrokes, showing the high moral standards and noble sense of the temple of the literati, and is regarded as the ultimate example of Tang regular script. The "Jiucheng Palace Liquan Inscription" was erected in the sixth year of the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty (632 AD). It is Ouyang Xun's representative work when he was 75 years old. The original stele is in the Jiucheng Palace in Linyou, Shaanxi. The best rubbing now is the Song Dynasty rubbing collected by Li Qi of the Ming Dynasty, which is now stored in the Palace Museum in Beijing.

1. Things to note when practicing "Jiucheng Palace"

The rules of "Jiucheng Palace" are too strict, and it is difficult for people today to use sheep hair and rice paper. When copying, you should relax and focus more on the structure rather than the brushwork at the beginning. After mastering the structure, you can strengthen the brushwork. Don't write the characters too small, about 10 cm is best, and then reduce them later. This can effectively prevent the restraint that is easy to come from learning from Ouyang Xiu.

2. The brushwork of Jiucheng Palace

The brushwork of "Jiucheng Palace" is not as strong as Yan and Liu's, but all slow and gentle, requiring strong control of the mind and hands. It is easy for scholars to write stiffly, so you should write with ease and attentively, and don't overemphasize the strength of the brush at the beginning.

The starting and ending strokes of the Ou style are both strong and square, clean and neat, without any dragging. The strokes should not be too sharp or thin.

1. Horizontal

The horizontal tail is drooping and has a sense of looseness, which is more common in Yan and Liu styles. It also exists in Ou style, but less so. The upper edge line of this horizontal line has an arc only when the lower edge line is straight.

The upper horizontal edge line of most European models is curved downward, and the lower horizontal edge line is curved upward, that is, only the center line is straight, which looks very tough.

The short horizontal stroke can have a square start or a pointed start.

No matter which of the above writing methods is used, the thickness of the horizontal strokes in the European style changes gradually, which requires proper control.

2. Vertical

The pen for the hanging needle vertical cutting should not be too heavy. It should be gradually and slowly lifted to the tip during the operation. The tip should not be biased to the left, and even at the tip it must emphasize thickness.

There are many ways to write the character "Ou" in a vertical style, some of which are similar to Yan's and Liu's.

There is also a method similar to hooking, but without hooking out.

There are also some variations of the "垂露竖" character, which are written in a more curved style.

There is also a type with a vertical point, which is somewhat longer.

The most difficult vertical stroke to write is the hanging vertical stroke, in which the left and right edges of the vertical stroke are concave inward and the end of the stroke is also centered.

3. Stroke

When writing short strokes, you should pay attention to some variations, such as starting with a sharp tip and ending with a sharp tip. The tip should have weight and not be empty.

There are also some short strokes that have a turning or folding movement after the beginning of the stroke.

When writing long strokes, pay attention to making the arc natural and rounded.

When writing a willow-leaf stroke that starts out pointed and ends sharply, you should also be careful not to make it too sharp or too loose at the beginning or end.

There are also some that are cut horizontally first and then gradually become thinner.

There is a type of stroke that is obviously learned from the official script, with the end being thickened or raised.

The left-stroke that crosses with the right-stroke should be turned at the intersection.

There are also cases where the left stroke is written as a vertical stroke or a vertical hook.

4. Na

The Ou style's downward stroke does not change much, unlike Yan and Liu's strokes, which have gaps at the tip. The end is either square or round. When writing, you should pay attention to slowly pressing and lifting the pen to finish the stroke without making it sharp. The tip of the end is slightly raised, like the official script.

5. Hook

The hook of the Ou style does not have a gap like the Yan Liu style. The vertical hook can be lifted slowly to the left at the tip, not too sharp.

There are also vertical hooks whose two vertical edge lines are retracted inward.

The vertical line of the horizontal hook is intentionally bent to the left.

The characteristic hooks of Jiucheng Palace are mainly the oblique hook and the vertical curved hook. The oblique hook extends to the right and has a strong flavor of official script.

But there are also regular script styles that hook upwards. No matter which one, the oblique hook should be slightly rounded and not too curved.

The vertical hook also has a close to regular script style, which is an upward hook.

But most of them are hooked to the upper right, which is close to the downward stroke of official script. The turning point of the vertical hook is basically close to the square fold.

The horizontal hook is often slowly raised downward with a steady breath, such as the hook on the right side of the treasure cover.

6. Point

Make most of the dots above vertically, like a person holding his head high and looking energetic.

The first dot of the three-point water character is usually written as a short stroke.

The left dot of Baogaitou can be square or pointed, but they are all vertical.

There are also pointed ones.

There are two types of long points: straight points and curved points.

2. Structural Features of Jiucheng Palace

1. Raise up and contract down.

Lifting the breath upward brings out spirit, but if it is only lifted upward it will lead to impetuousness. The European style uses the lower part to restrain the breath to make it restrained and steady, which complements each other well.

Sometimes this descent is very short, almost to the extreme.

2. Using the center dislocation to create a rugged effect is another major feature of the European style.

Up and down misalignment.

Writing the horizontal stroke obliquely causes slanting and misalignment.

After the center shifts, it is realigned again. For example, the cover of the character “察” is aligned with the center of the character “示” below, while the center of the middle part is biased to the left; the center of the two horizontal lines of the character “青” and the character “月” below are aligned. There are many such cases in “九成宫”, which form a unique sense of movement. Scholars should carefully study them.

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