a set of data to witness the great achievements of the 75th anniversary of the founding of new china
2024-09-30
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data witnesses 75 years of great achievements (big data observation·special report)
this year marks the 75th anniversary of the founding of the people's republic of china. over the past 75 years, our party has united and led the people of all ethnic groups across the country to go through ups and downs and turbulent years. in the continuous struggle, we have created great achievements in socialist revolution and construction, reform and opening up, socialist modernization, and socialism with chinese characteristics for a new era. , achieved rapid economic development and long-term social stability, and painted a magnificent historical picture. the chinese nation ushered in a great leap from standing up, getting rich, and becoming strong, and the great rejuvenation of the chinese nation entered an irreversible historical process.
the development achievements of all walks of life and the prosperity of people's lives are concentrated in sets of data. compared with the early days of the founding of the people's republic of china, the gdp in 2023 will increase by 223 times, the per capita gdp will increase by 89 times, the average life expectancy will increase by 43.6 years, and all rural poor people will be lifted out of poverty... the national bureau of statistics recently released the economic and social report of the 75th anniversary of the founding of the people's republic of china. a series of reports on development achievements, "numbers" speak of the great achievements of the past 75 years. the "big data observation" column of this edition launches a special report to record the journey of progress with one heart and one mind and hard work, and to gather the majestic power of jointly building a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation. .
gdp grew at an average annual rate of 7.9%
unprecedented jump in economic strength
the new china was built on an extremely weak economic foundation. in a situation where all kinds of wastes were waiting to be revitalized and all industries were in decline, our country persisted in being self-reliant and striving to become stronger. it developed at a speed rarely seen in the world, and its economic aggregate continuously exceeded important thresholds. in 1952, the gdp was only 67.9 billion yuan, which increased to 367.9 billion yuan in 1978. since the third plenary session of the 11th central committee of the communist party of china ushered in a new historical period of reform and opening up, economic development has entered the fast lane, exceeding 1 trillion yuan in 1986. yuan, it exceeded 10 trillion yuan in 2000 and 20 trillion yuan in 2006. since then, it has developed at a rate of breaking through the 10 trillion yuan mark every 1-2 years. it will break through the 100 trillion yuan mark in 2020 and exceed the 100 trillion yuan mark in 2023. 126 trillion yuan, firmly ranking the second largest economy in the world. calculated at constant prices, gdp in 2023 will increase 223 times compared to 1952, with an average annual growth rate of 7.9%. among them, the average annual growth rate from 1979 to 2023 is 8.9%, which is much higher than the world economy's growth rate of 3.0% during the same period.
per capita gdp reaches 89,000 yuan
become an upper-middle-income country
in 1952, my country's per capita gdp was only 119 yuan. after long-term efforts and development, especially since the reform and opening up, per capita gdp has steadily increased. in 2019, per capita gdp reached 70,078 yuan, which was converted to 10,158 u.s. dollars at the average annual exchange rate, breaking through 10,000 u.s. dollars for the first time; it reached 89,358 yuan in 2023, an increase of 89 times compared with 1952, with an average annual growth of 6.5%, and was converted to 12,681 u.s. dollars at the average annual exchange rate. us dollars, exceeding us$12,000 for 3 consecutive years. according to world bank data and classification standards, my country's per capita gross national income (gni) will reach us$13,400 in 2023, and it has jumped from a low-income country in the early days of the founding of new china to an upper-middle-income country.
the proportion of secondary and tertiary industries continues to increase
the industrial structure moves toward mid- to high-end
in the early days of the founding of new china, our country was basically an agricultural country, and agriculture occupied a major position in the national economy. in 1952, the added value of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries accounted for 50.5%, 20.8% and 28.7% of the gdp respectively. with the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the proportion of secondary and tertiary industries continues to increase, and the economy has shifted from relying mainly on a single industry to relying on the joint development of tertiary industries.
since the 18th national congress of the communist party of china, the coordinated development and optimization and upgrading of the three industries have become more obvious. the basic position of the primary industry has been consolidated, the secondary industry has accelerated its transformation and upgrading, and the tertiary industry has continued to develop rapidly. in 2023, the proportions of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries will be 7.1%, 38.3% and 54.6% respectively. from the perspective of agriculture, the total grain output has remained stable at more than 1.3 trillion jin for nine consecutive years, realizing the transformation from traditional agriculture based on planting to modern agriculture with comprehensive development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery. from an industrial perspective, industrialization and informatization are deeply integrated, and high-end, intelligent, and green development trends are improving. from the perspective of the service industry, the modern service industry is booming, and new business formats and models symbolized by "internet +" are emerging one after another.
the “three new” economic added value is 22.4 trillion yuan
cultivation and growth of new productive forces
since the 18th national congress of the communist party of china, facing the fierce competition brought about by the new round of global scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, our country has deeply implemented the innovation-driven development strategy, accelerated the promotion of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance, and new quality productivity has been formed and demonstrated in practice. a strong driving force and support for high-quality development.
from 2013 to 2023, the added value of equipment manufacturing and high-tech manufacturing above designated size will increase by 8.7% and 10.3% respectively annually. strategic emerging industries have grown and become an important engine leading high-quality development. digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and 5g are developing rapidly, "digital-real integration" continues to advance, and the pace of industrial digitization and digital industrialization continues to accelerate.
as of the end of 2023, 421 national-level smart manufacturing demonstration factories and more than 10,000 provincial-level digital workshops and smart factories have been cultivated; the scale of the digital economy has ranked second in the world for many consecutive years, and the e-commerce transaction volume and mobile payment transaction scale have ranked first in the world.
new technologies continue to create new scenarios, activate new momentum, new industries, new business formats, and new business models. the "three new" economies have shown vigorous and upward power. in 2023, the added value of my country's "three new" economies will be 22.4 trillion yuan, equivalent to 17.73% of gdp.
ranked first in the world in many indicators
transportation infrastructure is accelerated into a network
by the end of 1949, there were only 22,000 kilometers of railways and 81,000 kilometers of highways in operation across the country, and there was not a single expressway. after 75 years of development, my country's transportation infrastructure has accelerated its network formation, and its transportation service capabilities have reached a new level. it has built the world's largest high-speed railway network, highway network and port cluster, ranking first in railway and highway passenger and cargo transportation volume, and port cargo throughput. no. 1 in the world.
by the end of 2023, my country's railway operating mileage will reach 159,000 kilometers, an increase of 6 times compared with 1949, of which the high-speed railway operating mileage will reach 45,000 kilometers, accounting for more than 2/3 of the world's high-speed railways; the highway mileage will reach 5.44 million kilometers, an increase of 66 times, of which expressways will the mileage of 184,000 kilometers ranks first in the world; the navigable mileage of inland waterways reached 128,000 kilometers, an increase of 74.1%; the mileage of scheduled flight routes was 8.76 million kilometers. international logistics channels continue to expand. the annual number of china-europe freight trains will exceed 17,000 in 2023, an increase of nearly 10 times compared with 2016. the service network basically covers the entire territory of europe and asia. the level of a series of domestic transportation equipment has jumped to a new level, and new transportation infrastructure such as smart highways, smart terminals, smart high-speed rail, and smart warehousing and distribution are booming.
per capita disposable income is 39,200 yuan
optimization and upgrading of residents’ consumption structure
in 1949, the per capita disposable income of residents nationwide was only 49.7 yuan. in 1978, the per capita disposable income of residents across the country was 171 yuan, and the per capita consumption expenditure was 151 yuan, which could only meet the most basic survival needs. after the reform and opening up, the economic strength has continued to grow, the national income distribution pattern has been optimized and adjusted, residents' income has shown rapid growth, and consumption levels have continued to improve. in 2023, the per capita disposable income of residents across the country will reach 39,218 yuan, an actual increase of 76 times compared with 1949 after deducting price factors, with an average annual growth rate of 6.0%; the per capita consumption expenditure of residents will be 26,796 yuan, an actual increase of 36 times compared with 1956, with an average annual growth rate of 5.5% .
the consumption structure of residents has been optimized and upgraded, development-oriented and enjoyable consumption such as education, leisure and entertainment has grown rapidly, and the proportion of service consumption expenditure has gradually increased. in 2023, the engel coefficient of national residents will be 29.8%, a decrease of 34.1 percentage points from 1978; the per capita service consumption expenditure of residents will account for 45.2%, an increase of 5.5 percentage points from 2013. home appliances are widely popularized, cars are quickly entering ordinary people's homes, and the quality of durable consumer goods is constantly improving. in 2023, the number of cars per 100 households across the country will be 49.7, and the number of air conditioners will be 145.9, which are 2.9 times and 2.1 times respectively in 2013.
build the world’s largest social security system
people's livelihood protection network is tightly woven
in the early days of the founding of the people's republic of china, my country's social security was basically blank. from scratch, from small to large, our country has gradually established a social security system that is compatible with the economic system.
since the reform and opening up, my country has gradually built a multi-level and wide-coverage social security system focusing on pensions, medical care, and unemployment insurance. especially since the 18th national congress of the communist party of china, the reform of the social security system has entered a stage of comprehensive coverage and deepening. the level has been significantly improved and the largest social security system in the world has been built.
by the end of 2023, the number of people participating in basic pension insurance nationwide will reach 1.066 billion, an increase of 1.009 billion from the end of 1989; the number of people participating in unemployment and work-related injury insurance will reach 244 million and 302 million respectively, an increase of 164 million and 284 million from the end of 1994. in addition, the construction of various types of affordable housing has been steadily advanced, the child welfare and minor protection systems have been continuously improved, and the increasingly dense social security network has effectively played a sustainable underpinning role.
all 98.99 million rural poor people have been lifted out of poverty
the fight against poverty was fully won
in the early days of the founding of new china, people lived in extreme poverty. land reform and the establishment of the basic socialist system have laid the institutional foundation for fundamentally solving the poverty problem. from the 1950s to the 1970s, the lives of urban and rural residents gradually improved, but the problem of rural poverty has always been prominent. since the reform and opening up, our country has attached great importance to the issues of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" and implemented large-scale, planned and organized poverty alleviation and development, resulting in a significant reduction in the rural poor population.
since the 18th national congress of the communist party of china, our country has regarded the all-out poverty alleviation as the bottom-line task of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, and has pooled the efforts of the entire party, country, and society to launch the battle against poverty. after eight years of continuous struggle, by the end of 2020, all 98.99 million rural poor people under current standards have been lifted out of poverty, all 832 poor counties have been lifted out of poverty, and all 128,000 poor villages have been listed. regional overall poverty has been solved, and the arduous task of eliminating absolute poverty has been completed. task. my country has won the battle against poverty, achieved the poverty reduction goals of the united nations 2030 agenda for sustainable development 10 years ahead of schedule, created a chinese model of poverty reduction governance, and made significant contributions to global poverty reduction.
the gross enrollment rate of higher education exceeds 60%
educational standards continue to improve
in the early days of the founding of new china, more than 80% of the country's population was illiterate. with the gradual establishment of a new cultural and educational system, the priority development strategy of education has been proposed and implemented in depth, and the overall development level of my country's education has jumped to the middle and upper ranks of the world.
in 2023, the gross enrollment rate of preschool education, the consolidation rate of nine-year compulsory education, and the gross enrollment rate of high school will reach 91.1%, 95.7%, and 91.8% respectively; there will be 160 million and 45.42 million students in compulsory education and high school respectively. , which is 6.4 times and 103 times that of 1949. the popularity of basic education at all stages has reached or exceeded the average level of middle- and high-income countries in the organization for economic cooperation and development (oecd).
higher education has entered a stage of universalization, the pace of high-level talent training has accelerated, and our country has entered a critical period when the demographic dividend is accelerating and the talent dividend is shifting to high-quality development. in 2023, my country's higher education gross enrollment rate will exceed 60%, ranking first in the world; the average number of years of education for the working-age population has increased from just over 8 years in 1982 to 11.05 years, and the total number of human resources and scientific and technological human resources have both increased. ranked first in the world.
the scale of goods trade ranks first in the world
the level of foreign economic and trade cooperation continues to deepen
in 1950, my country's total import and export of goods was us$1.13 billion, which increased to us$20.6 billion in 1978. with the continuous deepening of reform and opening up, the development of foreign trade is improving day by day. after joining the world trade organization in 2001, my country accelerated its integration into the process of economic globalization and its foreign trade expanded rapidly.
since the 18th national congress of the communist party of china, my country has implemented a more proactive opening-up strategy, accelerated the cultivation of new advantages in foreign trade competition, and further consolidated its status as a major trading country. the share of total import and export of goods in the international market has increased from less than 1% in 1978 to 12.4% in 2023, making it the largest country in global goods trade for seven consecutive years. great achievements have been made in the joint construction of the "belt and road". our country has signed more than 230 cooperation documents on the joint construction of the "belt and road" with more than 150 countries and more than 30 international organizations. my country-europe freight trains reach more than 200 cities in 25 european countries. it has become a “steel camel team” that promotes regional economic and trade development.
central and western regions accelerate development
a new pattern of regional development is taking shape
in the early days of the founding of new china, my country's industries were mainly distributed in coastal areas, and the distribution of productivity was seriously unbalanced. before the reform and opening up, my country's regional policies focused on solving the imbalance between coastal and inland areas. after the reform and opening up, the economy of the eastern coastal areas developed rapidly. since 1999, the overall regional development strategy of developing the west, comprehensively revitalizing the northeast, rising the central region, and taking the lead in the east has been gradually formed. in 2012, among all provinces in the country, the ratio of the region with the highest per capita gdp to the region with the lowest was 4.9, compared with 8.1 in 1952.
since the 18th national congress of the communist party of china, a series of major regional development strategies have been implemented in depth, such as the coordinated development of beijing, tianjin and hebei, the development of the yangtze river economic belt, the construction of the guangdong-hong kong-macao greater bay area, the regional integrated development of the yangtze river delta, and the ecological protection and high-quality development of the yellow river basin. a new pattern of regional development is taking shape. from 2013 to 2023, the gdp of the central and western regions will grow at an average annual rate of 6.9% and 7.1% respectively, faster than that of the eastern region. in 2023, the gdp of the yangtze river economic belt and the yangtze river delta region will account for 46.7% and 24.4% of the country respectively, an increase of 2.9 percentage points and 0.9 percentage points compared with 2012.
the number of high-tech enterprises reached 463,000
technological innovation accelerates development
in the early days of the founding of the people's republic of china, the country's scientific and technological strength was weak and r&d investment was very limited. in 1956, he issued a great call to “march toward science” and actively explored the establishment of a modern science and technology system. since the reform and opening up, the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education has been implemented in depth, science and technology has developed rapidly, and investment in research and development has increased significantly.
since the 18th national congress of the communist party of china, innovation has been placed at the core of the country's overall development. scientific and technological innovation has accelerated its development, including manned spaceflight, lunar and fire exploration, deep sea and deep ground exploration, supercomputers, satellite navigation, quantum information, nuclear power technology, large-scale major achievements have been continuously made in aircraft manufacturing and other fields, and important weapons from major countries are constantly being "updated", fully demonstrating our country's hard-core scientific and technological strength. the patent industry has made great progress. the number of full-time r&d personnel has ranked first in the world for 11 consecutive years. the construction of the national innovation system has been accelerated, and a collaborative innovation system with technology-based enterprises, scientific research institutes and universities as the main body has gradually been formed. by the end of 2023, my country will rank first in the world in the number of the world's top 100 scientific and technological innovation clusters, with the current number of high-tech enterprises reaching 463,000.
the urbanization rate of the permanent population exceeds 66%
the coordinated development of urban and rural areas has achieved new results
before the reform and opening up, there was a huge gap between urban and rural areas in my country. the urbanization rate at the end of 1949 was only 10.64%, and at the end of 1978 it was only 17.92%. after the reform and opening up, the flow of labor, land, capital and other factors between urban and rural areas accelerated, and the urbanization process accelerated significantly. by the end of 2023, my country's urban permanent population will reach 930 million, an increase of 760 million from the end of 1978; the urbanization rate of the permanent population is 66.16%, an increase of 48.24 percentage points.
since the 18th national congress of the communist party of china, the reform of the household registration system has been fully implemented, the new people-centered urbanization has continued to advance, and the degree of citizenization of migrant workers has been further improved. by the end of 2023, the urbanization rate of the registered population will reach 48.3%, an increase of 8.4 percentage points from the end of 2015. the rural revitalization strategy has been steadily implemented, the income gap between urban and rural areas has continued to narrow, rural transportation and communication facilities have continued to improve, and the level of basic public services has improved. the per capita disposable income ratio of urban and rural residents has shrunk from 2.88:1 in 2012 to 2.39:1 in 2023. in 2023, the student-teacher ratio in rural compulsory education will be 12.4:1, a decrease of 1.4 from 2013. the total mileage of rural roads at the end of 2023 covering 4.6 million kilometers, more than 99% of villages have access to broadband internet, and there are 144,000 rural elderly care service institutions and facilities.
3,246 public libraries and 6,833 museums
cultural undertakings prosper and develop
in 1949, literature and art serving the people and first serving the workers, peasants and soldiers became the basic policy for developing literature and art in new china. since the reform and opening up, investment in culture has increased significantly, and cultural service facilities have been continuously improved, providing strong support to meet the cultural needs of the people. by the end of 2023, there were 3,246 public libraries and 6,833 museums across the country, which were 59 times and 325 times those in 1949 respectively; 11.9 billion books of various types were published throughout the year.
since the 18th national congress of the communist party of china, the construction of a cultural power has been deepened, the cultural industry has flourished, literary and artistic masterpieces have emerged one after another, and the international influence of chinese culture has continued to increase. in 2022, the added value of cultural and related industries will account for 4.46% of gdp, an increase of 0.77 percentage points from 2013; the total import and export of cultural products will increase from us$88.8 billion in 2012 to us$162.2 billion in 2023.
average life expectancy reaches 78.6 years
people's health levels have steadily improved
in the early days of the founding of the people's republic of china, my country's medical resources were generally poor and most of them were concentrated in cities and towns. over the past 75 years, our country has gradually established and improved a sound medical and health system, expanded its medical talent pool, and enabled the people to enjoy basic medical and health protection. by the end of 2023, there were 1.07 million medical and health institutions in the country, with 10.17 million beds and 12.49 million health technicians.
since the 18th national congress of the communist party of china, the reform of the medical and health system has been further deepened, disease prevention and control capabilities have been effectively enhanced, and people's health levels have steadily improved. by the end of 2023, the number of people covered by basic medical insurance nationwide will be 1.334 billion, and the coverage rate has remained stable at more than 95% since 2018. in 2023, the average life expectancy will reach 78.6 years, 43.6 years higher than in 1949. the main health indicators of residents have ranked among the top in middle- and high-income countries.
forest coverage rate reaches 24.02%
beautiful china is more livable
in the 1950s, my country started the construction of water conservancy projects such as the yellow river management project, and established the first national nature reserve. the party and the country have continuously improved the strategic status of ecological civilization construction. especially since the 18th national congress of the communist party of china, the "four beams and eight pillars" of the ecological civilization system have been basically established. in 2022, the total investment in environmental pollution control nationwide will reach 901.4 billion yuan, compared with only 2.5 billion to 3 billion yuan per year in the early 1980s; the national nature reserve area accounts for 18% of the land area, and the world's largest national park the system is stepping up its layout and construction.
as the construction of ecological civilization continues to advance, the concept of "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" has become more and more popular. today, my country's forest coverage rate has increased to 24.02%. in 2023, the average concentration of fine particulate matter (pm2.5) in cities at the prefecture level and above in my country will decrease by 28.6% compared with 2016, and the proportion of surface water sections nationwide with class i-iii water quality will increase by 21.6 percentage points. land greening has achieved remarkable results, and my country has become the country with the largest growth in forest resources and the largest artificial forest area in the world. while the natural environment is improving, the living environment is also constantly improving in appearance and quality, and the level of urban and rural environmental infrastructure has been significantly improved.
source: people's daily
