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The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee decided to improve the green and low-carbon development mechanism. Accelerate the planning and construction of a new energy system, and improve the policies and measures for the consumption and regulation of new energy. As the core of my country's energy system, how can the power system develop towards a new transformation and provide key support for the new energy system? How to build a new power system in this "no man's land" to promote green development and achieve the "dual carbon" goal?

From August 17 to 18, the Chinese Academy of Engineering Engineering Technology Academic Seminar and the 9th Zijin Electricity Academic Seminar, hosted by the Energy and Mining Engineering Department of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and NARI Group (State Grid Electric Power Research Institute), were held in Nanjing. 60 Chinese and foreign academicians, professors and scholars from China, the United Kingdom, Canada and other countries exchanged the latest research results around the theme of "New Energy System with New Power System as the Key Support", and analyzed new technologies, new models and new formats in the field of energy and power to support the construction of a new power system that is clean, low-carbon, safe, abundant, economical and efficient, coordinated in supply and demand, flexible and intelligent.

It is time to switch from old to new power systems

Why should we pay attention to the new power system? What is new about the new power system?

Building a new energy system is an inevitable requirement for promoting green development and achieving the "dual carbon" goal. Xue Yusheng, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and honorary president of the State Grid Electric Power Research Institute, explained that the input end of the traditional power system is fossil energy, which can be transmitted and stored, and the energy balance between input and output is easy to control. Wind and photovoltaic power in renewable energy are uncontrollable and have poor predictability. The balance between the two quantities of input and output must be controlled by the power system. Therefore, the original closed power system must consider upstream and downstream changes, and the power system should also be studied as a link in the energy chain.

The energy chain is an important support for economic and social development, and is also a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Xue Yusheng said that we must pay close attention to the close coupling of new energy systems, including new power systems, with carbon emissions and carbon neutrality, and we should accelerate the construction of new power systems.

Li Lixuan, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, honorary chairman of the expert committee of China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd., and honorary dean of the School of Electric Power of South China University of Technology, gave a set of data: In 2023, the country's new wind and solar power and other new energy installed capacity will be 293 million kilowatts. As of March 2024, the country's installed power generation capacity will be 2.99 billion kilowatts, including 660 million kilowatts of solar power generation capacity and 460 million kilowatts of wind power generation capacity. The total installed capacity of wind and solar power will reach 1.12 billion kilowatts. It is expected that the national new energy installed capacity will exceed 1.5 billion kilowatts during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period.

"The significance of new energy development is to reduce dependence on traditional fossil energy, protect the environment and achieve sustainable development. With the construction of the Shagohuang large energy base, the development of offshore wind power and the promotion of distributed photovoltaics, the development momentum of new energy in my country remains unabated, and it is time to build a new power system." Li Lixuan believes that the new power system under the dual carbon goals is a power grid composed of large power grids, active distribution networks and microgrids, in which the distribution network and distributed power sources develop in coordination to form a distributed power grid. The high penetration rate of access to new energy will profoundly change the form, characteristics and mechanism of the traditional power system, thereby establishing a transparent new power system based on digitalization and intelligence. Overall, the power system has changed from rigid to flexible and controllable, intelligent and flexible, and can "unconditionally" accept new energy. The system has "infinite" power and "infinite" energy, and relies on the dynamic balance of power and energy to achieve the safety and stability of the system.

Calculate "Carbon Footprint" to Overcome "Carbon Barriers"

"At present, international product competition has changed from 'cost + quality' to 'cost + quality + low carbon', and carbon footprint has become a key factor affecting product competitiveness. The role of time-sharing and zone-based electricity carbon factors in product carbon footprint accounting is more prominent." Shu Yinbiao, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, chairman of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering, and the 36th President of the International Electrotechnical Commission, took his ongoing project "Constructing a product carbon footprint standard certification system based on time-sharing and zone-based electricity carbon factor analysis methods" as an example to share his views on green electricity certification, carbon emission calculation, carbon footprint management, dual-carbon certification and standard setting.

Shu Yinbiao said that the electricity carbon factor refers to the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by producing one kilowatt-hour of electricity. It is not accurate enough to generally calculate the average carbon emissions in a certain area over a long period of time, and the time-sharing and zone-based electricity carbon factors can accurately reflect the temporal and spatial changes in carbon emissions, achieve accurate traceability of carbon flows in the power system, and then guide users to optimize electricity usage behaviors, reduce carbon emissions in the production process, and promote clean electricity investment, production and consumption. Taking Jiangsu as an example, the tracking of carbon emissions from electricity consumption in 13 prefecture-level cities for 24 hours a day from May to August 2023 found that due to the application of nuclear power and offshore wind power, the 24-hour electricity carbon factors of Lianyungang and Yancheng were 0.17 kg/kWh and 0.286 kg/kWh, respectively, which are 30% and 50% of the provincial average. In June this year, calculation of the average carbon factor of 32 220 kV power supply sections formed by Jiangsu power grid around 500 kV substations showed that the highest and lowest sections were 0.734 kg/kWh and 0.404 kg/kWh respectively. This regional difference is precisely the potential and focus of Jiangsu's efforts to become a pioneer in the "carbon" road.

In recent years, my country's electric vehicles, lithium batteries, and photovoltaic products have developed rapidly. The carbon footprint of new energy technology equipment products represented by the "new three" is mainly indirect emissions from electricity. Shu Yinbiao said that the construction and application of time-sharing and zone-based electricity-carbon factor analysis methods will help the "new three" break through the "carbon barriers" centered on product "carbon footprint" in Europe and the United States.

"The concept of the new power system corresponds to the carbon neutrality goal and should achieve 'wide-area electrification'." Li Lixuan believes that this means a significant increase in terminal electricity consumption, reaching about 70% by 2060. In this system, in addition to using electricity as a direct energy source, industries and other fields that have not yet used or used electricity on a large scale will widely use electricity. At the same time, diversified conversion of electricity will also be widely used, such as electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen, and hydrogen will be used as energy for transportation and industry. In addition to direct use, electricity also indirectly produces energy. The diversified conversion of sources, networks, loads, storage, and electricity interacts in a coordinated manner to achieve flexible development of the new power system.

More technological innovations need to be explored

The new power system calls for more scientific and technological innovation. Guo Jianbo, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a first-level consultant of the State Grid Corporation of China, said that the construction of a new power system is facing many risks and challenges. The scenario where the output of new energy exceeds 50% will appear for the first time in a power grid with a load of more than 100 million kilowatts. Traditional safety issues still exist and are more severe. New problems have emerged, and in the process of their evolution, they will face long-term problems such as the interweaving of security, economy, and environmental contradictions. He reminded that the construction of a new power system is a complex system engineering. The system is a new energy system with the power system as the hub platform. Policies, technologies, standards, digitization and intelligence are the key to the smooth operation of the system. At the same time, with the unexpected development of the scale of new energy installed capacity, the scenario with a very high proportion of new energy is accelerating, which makes the urgency of scientific and technological innovation continue to increase.

Xu Haiqing, deputy director of the Science and Technology Innovation Department of State Grid Corporation of China, introduced that in the first half of the year, State Grid Corporation of China issued 12 key measures to further strengthen scientific and technological innovation, established a new science and technology advisory committee, released the 2030 major research task layout and the new power system science and technology research and development action plan 2024 special project, and at the same time strengthened the research and development of key core technologies, and released a number of achievements such as the "double 800" UHV DC standardization and UHV DC key technologies for ultra-high altitude areas.

NARI Group has taken the lead and actively explored and achieved many results in the construction of new power systems based on reality. Chairman Shan Shewu introduced that in the past year, NARI has successfully developed a number of world and national first advanced equipment such as controllable phase-changing valves, and continuously improved a series of technologies and complete sets of products such as power grid dispatching and new energy grid connection to support the high-quality development of new energy. 7 technical equipment were selected into the list of the first major technical equipment in the third batch of the country's energy field. The first International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) system committee led by my country and assuming the secretariat was initiated, and the world's first IEC international standard in the field of stabilization and control was issued, and 7 national standards and industry standards were issued. At the same time, it focuses on building a new value-oriented scientific research system, establishing a technical committee, promoting the physical operation of national key laboratories, reorganizing and establishing research institutes and R&D centers, and establishing a technical solution center to promote the dual improvement of innovation leadership capabilities and product R&D quality and efficiency. Shan Shewu said that he will focus on deepening institutional reforms, accelerating original technological breakthroughs, promoting the integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, continuously stimulating innovation and creativity, and bravely taking on the responsibility of building a new power system.

Zhou Shouwei, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and director of the Department of Energy and Mining Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, said that the power system, as a hub bridge in the entire energy chain, is the central link of energy transformation and urgently needs a series of disruptive technological innovations to provide strong support. In the next step, we should focus on energy strategic issues in the context of internationalization, pay attention to the energy transformation and development under the dual circulation, take the realization of dual carbon goals as the core, aim at original, leading and disruptive technologies in the energy field, promote cross-domain and cross-disciplinary collaborative innovation, and better lead the construction of a new energy system.

Xinhua Daily·Jiaohuidian reporter Yan Ying

Image provided by NARI Group

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